Lab5-Ohm's Law
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Ohm’s Law
NAME: ____Sehajpartap Gill__________________
Date: ____7/20/2021___________
Lab Partner’s: ________ (No Contact, Worked Solo) ___________________
Access the University of Colorado’s PhET simulation
Ohm’s Law
BACKGROUND:
In the early 19th Century, technology was developed by Alessandro Volta to produce
electricity on demand. Soon, thereafter experiments were being conducted on electrical
circuits. The source of the electricity, the Voltaic Pile, as it came to be known, was an early
forerunner to the battery. The bigger the pile was constructed, the more electricity it could
provide. However, it soon became apparent that the same pile did not provide the same
amount of electricity across different materials.
Some materials conducted electricity very readily, others less so, and some hardly at all. Like
materials conducted equivalently. For example, one copper wire conducted electricity just as
well as another of the same size. But an iron wire conducted less well than a copper wire of
the same size. An aluminum wire of the same size connected across a voltaic pile conducted
more electricity than an iron wire, but less than a copper wire. Out of this grew the concept
that different materials have a particular electrical resistance.
Since the bigger the voltaic pile, the more powerful it was, a unit was created that related to
how well the voltaic pile could produce electricity across a given electrical resistance. The
voltaic pile’s electrical potential to do this is its voltage. Voltage is measured in Volts (symbol
V). Physically, the voltage is the electrical potential energy per unit charge. The amount of
electricity flowing (current) through a conductor is measured in Amperes (symbol A), named
for André Ampère. Often, for simplicity, we shorten this name to “Amps” though formally it
should be Amperes. The electrical resistance is measured in units of Ohms (symbol Ω),
named after Georg Ohm.
THEORY:
In 1827, the German physicist Georg Ohm published his research showing that the amount of
current (
I
)
passing through a material, for most materials, is directly proportional to the
voltage (
V
) applied across the material, and inversely proportional to the electrical resistance
(
R
)
of the material. This relationship is referred to as Ohm’s Law and is commonly written
today as:
V
=
IR
Note:
In some engineering fields, the letter
E
is used for the electromotive force (voltage
source) in an electrical circuit, and Ohm's law is written as
E
=
IR
INSTRUCTIONS:
Use Excel to plot the graphs and insert or attach
all
graphs, plots, and tables to
this lab assignment. Convert values to SI units and show
all
your calculations.
PROCEDURE:
1)
Select a value of resistance (R). Now, increase the potential (V) across the resistor. How
does current (I) change?
The current will increase proportionally as the potential (V) increases.
2)
Select a value of potential. Now, increase resistance. How does the current change?
After increasing the resistance and setting the voltage, the current decreases since current
and resistance are inversely proportional.
3)
If a battery of 9 V is connected across a resistor of 1000 Ω, what will be the value of
current flowing through it?
I = V/R
Here, V = 9 V
R = 1000 Ohms
So, I = 9/1000 = 9 mA (milli ampere)
4)
For a resistor of 100 Ω, apply five different potentials and measure the current through
the resistor.
NOTE
: The current in the simulation is given in milliamps (mA), divide the current values
by 1000 to convert them to Amperes.
Voltage
(V)
1.5
3
4.5
6
7.5
Current
(A)
1.5e-3
3.0e-3
4.5e-3
6.0e-3
7.5e-3
2
5)
How does the slope of the graph relate to resistance? If the value of resistance were 500
Ω instead of 100 Ω, how will this slope change?
Explain.
The line on the graph will be lower (less steeper) and the slope would decrease from the
current value of the slope.
6)
Complete the table below.
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
Resistance (Ω)
0.1
1.25e-4
800
2.0
2.5e-3
3.0
3.8e-3
4.0
5.0e-3
5.0
6.3e-3
6.0
7.5e-3
7.0
8.8e-3
8.0
10e-3
9.0
11.3e-3
0.1
2.47e-4
405
2.0
4.94e-3
3.0
7.41e-3
4.0
9.88e-3
5.0
12.35e-3
6.0
14.81e-3
7.0
17.28e-3
8.0
19.75e-3
9.0
22.22e-3
0.1
2.5e-3
40
2.0
50e-3
3.0
75e-3
4.0
100e-3
5.0
125e-3
3
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