p5-er100

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University of California, Berkeley *

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ER100

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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8

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ER100/PP184/ER200/PP284, Fall 2022 Problem Set #5 Total Points: 100 for ER100/PP184; 125 for ER200/PP284 Show your work for complete credit. Online submissions must be a single PDF document, otherwise points will be deducted. 1) Electric grid (25 points) The Trans Bay Cable is a 53 mile long, underwater high-voltage direct current (HVDC) line connecting PG&E's Potrero Substation in San Francisco to PG&E’s Pittsburgh Substation in Pittsburgh, CA. The cable can transmit 400MW of power to San Francisco at +/- 200kV DC. a. With a difference in voltage of 400kV (+200kV - (-200kV)), what is the total current of the Trans Bay Cable? Assume no losses. [3 points] b. Assume the Trans Bay Cable has a resistance of 0.0375844Ω/mile per conductor. Typically, the current flowing through an HVDC power line is evenly split across its two conductors, ½ on the positive voltage line and ½ on the negative voltage line. Assuming this is the case for the Trans Bay Cable, calculate the power lost to heat from a single conductor of the cable using the current calculated in part a. [6 points] c. The engineers that built the Trans Bay Cable believe they could modify the line to operate at 700kV (+350kV - (-350kV)). What would be power lost to heat from a single conductor of the cable at this new voltage? [7 points] O P - IV , V = 400 KV , P = 400 MV = F 400 = = ' A IN ' = 500 A 0 037584421 muex 53 miles = 1 . 99 19732 p = izR = 500 A ( ) × ) . 9919732 = 497993 W = 5000000 ~ = 500 - 40 = 571 . 43 A 5 n 13 - 285 . 74 A P - = i ' R 285 . 714 ( p * l . qulazn = 162609319 W = 200
d. NextEra Energy, the company that now owns the Trans Bay Cable, claims the cable has enough power to provide 40% of San Francisco’s peak power needs. Based on this claim, what is San Francisco’s peak power consumption? [3 points] e. According to the California Energy Commission, the County of San Francisco consumed 5631.8615 GWh of electricity in 2019. If San Francisco consumed NextEra’s claimed peak power for 2 hours every day, what was the average off-peak power consumption in 2019? Assume power is constant over any given hour [6 points] 2) Natural Gas and Fracking [25 points]: Answer the following questions with a short paragraph each. Rely on course materials including lecture, section notes, and readings. Cite your sources where appropriate. a. Hydraulic fracturing has revolutionized the energy industry in the United States, what are the consequences of this change, positive and negative? Consider impacts to the environment, public health, marginalized communities, land use, the economy, and politics. [5 points] 400 4 = 1000 nv = 1 Gvv IGW X a ( λ 36 kcardays = 730 GWh 5631 8615 230 = 4901 8615 Gwh 4901 . 8615 trwh X 2 zhorxdl X z 65 dam - Muv = 0 61044 Gw = 610 44 MW , Hudraulic fracturing is a Safe and effective Stimulation fechinique , which alcowed fhe US to produce aod export more natural gas . It has [ ncreased nationnl securt ] ad moved the ouAry foward eneray [ ndependepv economic activities [ h rural areas and createdsorackng increased However , hydraulic fracturng polkntes gronndwater , Tucreases greenhouse ga ) emiss ( ons , cnd causes earthqnakes
b. What are the benefits to using natural gas as an energy source and what are the drawbacks? Think about its impact on the electric grid, carbon emissions, energy access, and energy prices. [10 points] c. Natural gas is sometimes called a “transition fuel.” What does this mean and what are the implications for energy policy? [10 points] 3) Nuclear Energy and Waste [25 points]: After the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) closed in 2012, the Diablo Canyon Power Plant is the last remaining nuclear power plant operating in California. Located near San Luis Obispo, the Diablo Canyon facility is Natural gas emits less emissrons durng Combustron than othe fossrl fuelsr and Can be used n since we can utilize existing Infrastracture , enegy s morunn industies yhan other energy souces Moreover , natural gas lowes oil ad gas prrcessile However ) naturalgas sa ans straul emts greennoucremrurenewable Methane Ts the Nan agredcet natwal gas / ad t can leak fom fh nutual gas plants or prres Also low price of hatual gar Evo arbon resourarun outcrows , Natural gas cs a potenti bridge fuel darng transction to a decarbonczed energy System . It iS a 1 oW carbon fuel that socief ] can use to qucclrly reduce emissions dung fle fransitcon renewable nd Eex corbon enegusustemss The Vs Cannot present [ ts recrt reduction Crbon enisjron ) as a rel stepforwand without ( ookng ahead and avesfag A reaewable enegy ad other Carbon free resoucess
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