Lab - Electric Circuit Measurements

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Rutgers University *

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607

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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Uploaded by ChancellorWren2942

Voltage Current 2 0.08 5 0.18 8 0.29 R: 25 10 0.36 12 0.43 Current Resistance 1/ Resistance V: 2 0 0 0 0.18 10.6 0.0934 0.1 20.2 0.0495 0.05 40 0.025 0.03 50 0.02 1. Make a plot of voltage (V ) versus current (I) based on the measurements you took in the “constant resistance” portion of the lab. (a) What is the relationship between voltage and current? (b) What is the meaning of the slope of your graph? Voltage and current are related by Ohm's Law, which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. The slope of the graph between voltage and current represents the resistance of the circuit. 2. Make a plot of current (I) versus resistance (R) based on the measurements you took in the “constant voltage” portion of the lab.

(a) What is the relationship between current and resistance? (b) Calculate the inverse of each of your resistance values and then make a plot of current (I) versus the inverse of the resistance (1/R). What is the meaning of the slope of this line? If the resistance of a conductor remains constant, the current flowing through it will increase as the voltage applied to it increases, and decrease as the voltage decreases. Conversely, if the voltage remains constant, the current flowing through a conductor will decrease as its resistance increases, and increase as its resistance decreases.

The slope of this line represents the ratio of voltage to current, or V/I. 3. Summarize the trends you have found from the previous two questions by writing a single equation relating voltage, current, and resistance. Research the phrase “Ohm’s Law,” and compare what you find with the equation you wrote that models your graphs above. Ohm's law states that the voltage (V) across a conductor is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it, provided that the temperature and other physical conditions remain constant. Mathematically, Ohm's law is expressed as: V = I * R where V is the voltage in volts, I is the current in amperes, and R is the resistance in ohms. We found that if the resistance is kept constant and we increase the voltage, the current would also increase, which makes sense based on this law. We found that as the current decreases, the resistance increases to produce a constant voltage, also abiding by this equation. 4. As part of our circuit analysis, we assume that wires have zero resistance. Is this really true? Try measuring the resistance of one of the connecting wires, and justify whether or not it is acceptable to assume wires have no resistance. This is not true, as wires have a small amount of resistance. We never got to do the measurement for the wire during the lab, but a normal measurement for a copper wire of 1 meter would have a resistance of 0.0175 Ω. It is acceptable to assume that wires have zero resistance in circuit analysis, as long as the resistance of the wire is much smaller than the resistance of other components in the circuit. This assumption simplifies calculations and makes it easier to analyze the behavior of the circuit. 5. As part of our circuit analysis, we also assume that batteries and power supplies have no resistance. Is this really true? If it were not true, how do you think this extra resistance effect our measurements? All power sources have internal resistance from wires and other components inside them. It could affect the voltage but it would be very minor. The voltage drop across the internal resistance of the battery or power supply would reduce the voltage available to the circuit, which would affect the behavior of the components in the circuit.

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