Relay Lab and Switches Lab Combined

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Hennepin Technical College *

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1155

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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10

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ARET 1155 Relay Lab and switches lab Equipment needed: BK Precision Power Supply, 12V OR 24Vsmall spade relay, small spade relay socket, 12v 11 pin (prong) relay, 11 pin socket, Buzzer, 1 Limit switch, screw driver, wire, wire cutter, digital multimeter, potentiometer, switches Review the following Videos: Electrical Switches Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i94ztd5D7VM Electrical Switches Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNIPx_bJ8VY&t=29s Electrical Switches Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNzTQ2MWOZY Electrical Switches Part 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dAH1Mi8Vks Electrical Switches Part 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaAqklrFKgM How to use a Multimeter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF3OyQ3HwfU
Using the Push button switches: 1. What does NO stand for? – Normally Open 2. What does NC stand for? – Normally Closed 3. How can you tell if the switch is NO or NC? - If you have access to the electrical schematic or datasheet of the switch, it will explicitly state whether it is NO or NC. 4. Is the Black Switch NO or NC? - NO 5. Is the Red 2-wire switch NO or NC? -NO 6. Is the Red 3-wire switch NO or NC? -NC 7. Does color tell you if the switch is NO or NC? - The color of a switch generally does not tell you whether it is Normally Open or Normally Closed. 8. Using an Ohm meter, explain what occurs on each switch when the each switch is inactive (not rotated/depressed) and active (rotated/depressed): - There is no contact in the inactive switch and located contact on active switch. Limit Switches: Using the small limit switch. 1. Explain how the limit switch works: - A limit switch is an electromechanical device that changes the state of an electrical circuit when an object or moving part comes into contact with its actuator. Depending on its type NO or NC, it either opens or closes the circuit,
allowing it to detect and control object positions or machine operations in various applications. 2. Using an Ohm meter, explain what occurs on each contact when the switch is inactive (not rotated/depressed) and active (rotated/depressed): a. Which contact is Common? - The one that has voltage flowing through it, supplying current to the switch. The common is the right side. b. Which contact is NC? - Contacts that are NC, have their contacts closed, meaning that they are ON. Left and Right c. Which Contact is NO? - Contacts that are NO, have their contacts closed, meaning that they are OFF. Right and mid 3. Using the large Limit switch, explain how the limit switch operates. Is this any different than the small limit switch? - Same as answer 1 above. The large limit switch has two contacts while the small one has three. a. Which contact is Common? -The right contact b. Which contact is NC? -The right and left when the switch is depressed . c. Which Contact is NO? -The right and left during the time when the switch isn’t depressed Solenoid 1. Watch the video: Solenoid Basics Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=hsoggQOoG4s 2. Explain how the solenoid works - A solenoid uses an electrical current running through a coil to create a magnetic field that attracts a movable plunger or armature, resulting in linear
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motion. It's commonly used in various applications, including locks, valves, and switches, for controlling mechanical actions. 3. Connect the solenoid to the power supply: 4. Set the power supply to 0 volts and the current to the mid-point on the dial. 5. Turn on the power supply and slowly increase the voltage. 6. At what voltage does the Solenoid activate? - 7.5V 7. Deactivate? - 2.5V 8. At what voltage does the rod become difficult to pull out of the cylinder? - 3V 9. If the rod on the solenoid is a spring return (Meaning: when voltage is removed the spring pulls the rod back to its normal position) what may occur if the voltage applied to the coil is not the full voltage required? - The rod will remain in its normal position. Use a Potentiometer 1. Watch the video: What is a Potentiometer? 2. What is a Potentiometer? - A potentiometer is a variable resistor that allows you to manually adjust electrical resistance by turning a knob or slider. It's often used for controlling and measuring voltage in electronic circuits. 3. Using the “golden color” potentiometer, connect an Ohm meter to contacts 1 and 2 and rotate the dial. (Left and Center) Explain what occurs. - The more the dial is turned, the more resistance is applied. 4. What is the Range of Ohms? – 1 – 1019 Ohms 5. Connect an Ohm meter to contacts 2 and 3 (Center and right) and rotate the dial. Explain what occurs. – The more the dial is tuned to the right, the less resistance is applied. 6. What is the Range of ohms? – 1019 – 1 Ohms 7. Connect an Ohm meter to Contacts 1 and 3 (the outside 2) and rotate the dial. Explain what occurs.
-The number is the same but just in a different placement. 8. What is the Range of ohms? -1 – 1019 Ohms 9. Using the “Brown” potentiometer, connect an Ohm meter to contacts 1 and 2 and rotate the dial. (Left and Center) Explain what occurs. - If you wait for the number to calm down, then it would eventually be 0. But sometimes it looks like it wants to be in a category somewhere in range of 0.01 – 0.010. 10. What is the Range of ohms? -0.01 – 0.010. 11. Connect an Ohm meter to contacts 2 and 3 (Center and right) and rotate the dial. Explain what occurs. -Everything is the same as contacts 1 and 3 12. What is the Range of ohms? -0.01, 0.011, 11.1 , 11.08 13. Connect an Ohm meter to Contacts 1 and 3 (the outside 2) and rotate the dial. Explain what occurs. -It alternated different measurements of resistance. 1) Connect the Buzzer ONLY to the variable power supply. (If the buzzer does not operate, check your polarity). 1. Set the voltage to 0 (zero) or all of the way Counter-Clockwise (CCW) and the current to the mid-point. 2. activate the power 3. slowly turn the voltage up on the power supply 4. At what voltage does the buzzer turn on? -Around 8V 5. Why does the buzzer turn on prior to 10 volts? -It already has enough current going through it 6. What happens if you increase the voltage to 30v? -Buzzer gets louder 7. Why does the buzzer not stop?
-Because it has continuous current flowing through it. 8. What would happen if you left the buzzer running for an extended amount of time at 30 volts? -The buzzer could melt or break 9. POWER OFF the power supply 10. Disconnect the Buzzer. FANS: 1. Connect the Fan to the variable power supply 2. Set the voltage to 0 (zero) or all of the way Counter-Clockwise (CCW) and the current to the mid-point. 3. activate the power 4. slowly turn the voltage up on the power supply 5. At what voltage does the fan turn on? 6. What occurs as you continue to increase voltage? -The fan will begin to blow harder and faster 7. Why does the fan turn on prior to 24 volts? -Because it doesn’t require much power to run. In addition, it was supplied with enough current to keep it running. 8. What happens if you increase the voltage to 30v? -Nothing changed 9. Why does the fan not stop? -It has continuous voltage and current supply 10. What would happen if you left the fan running for an extended amount of time at 30 volts? -It would eventually break 11. POWER OFF the power supply RELAYS: 1. Watch the following videos: a. What is a Relay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9uxu-kyX5Q
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b. What is an electromechanical relay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEuP- fkyV4s&t=30s c. What Are the Different Types of Electromechanical Relays? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OV- WbSB7_V4&index=13&list=PLBD4AC6A71C718578 d. General Purpose Relay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywHrL9_dR1c 2. Using the 11 Pin Relay (ice cube), which pins are “connected” as NO and NC: Be sure to reference the numbers on the diagram on the side of the relay. -NC = 1,2,3 -NO = 4,5,6 3. Which Pin Contacts are for the coil? -A1 and A2 4. How do you test the COIL to find out if it is functioning? - Find out what voltage it takes to pull in the coil. 5. If using an ohmmeter to test the coil you read a resistance value is the coil most likely working? -Yes 6. What can you assume is the issue with the coil if you read “0” zero ohms of resistance? -It is NO 7. What can you assume the issue with the coil is if you read “OL” on the ohm meter? -I would assume that the resistance is greater than the meter I am measuring with can measure. There is no continuity and there’s a break in the circuit. 8. How do you test the contacts to see if they are functioning properly? -1,2,3 would be open 9. When testing continuity from the common to an NO contact: a. What should you read when the relay is inactive? -It wouldn’t read the same voltage that the relay typically takes. From some to no contacts would read the same voltage. So, the answer would be 4,5,6 would be open. b. What should you read when the relay is activated? - It should read the resistance between the 50 and 120 .
10. When testing continuity from the common to an NC contact: a. What should you read when the relay is inactive? -It should read 4V b. What should you read when the relay is activated? -A resistance between 50-120 ohms 11. Explain what readings you would get with a meter if an NO contact is sticking in the deactivated position? a. What reading would you get if the NO contact is stuck in the activated state? -4V 12. Explain what readings you would get with a meter if an NC contact is sticking in the deactivated position? a. What reading would you get if the NC contact is stuck in the activated state? -3.7V 13. Connect the power supply to the coil contacts, turn the voltage to 0, set the current to the mid-point of the dial. 14. Turn on the power supply 15. Slowly turn up the voltage 16. At what voltage does the power supply activate? Verify this with your multimeter. -13.6V 17. With the relay active, which pins are open? -1,2,3 18. With the relay active, which pins are closed? -4,5,6 19. Slowly turn down the voltage, at what voltage does the coil deactivate? -4V 20. Why is there a difference between the activation and deactivation voltage? - The difference is that activation needs more electrons that need to pass through, and when electrons begin to flow, they do it with ease, requiring less voltage to turn off the coil. 21. Power off the power supply
22. Using the 14 Pin Relay (ice cube), which pins are “connected” as NO and NC: Be sure to reference the numbers on the diagram on the side of the relay. 23. Which Pin Contacts are for the coil? -A1 and A2 24. Connect the power supply to the coil contacts, turn the voltage to 0, set the current to the mid-point of the dial. 25. Turn on the power supply 26. Slowly turn up the voltage 27. At what voltage does the power supply activate? Verify this with your multimeter. 28. With the relay active, which pins are open? -1,2,3 29. With the relay active, which pins are closed? -4,5,6 30. Slowly turn down the voltage, at what voltage does the coil deactivate? -4V 31. Power off the power supply 32. Watch the following videos: a. What is a LED: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T99kfbQRGD0 b. How to test a LED c. Explain how to test an LED with a multimeter and how to determine how to connect the LED so that it works. 33. Using EITHER Relay: 34. Using one of the limit switches, connect the Relay so that when the limit switch is activated, the relay activates: 35. Connect the buzzer to the auxiliary contacts of the relay so the buzzer operates when the switch activated (using the variable power supply) 36. Connect the FAN to the auxiliary contacts of the relay so the fan operates when the switch is deactivated (using the variable power supply)
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37. Connect a GREEN LED so it operates at the same time as the Fan 38. Connect a red LED so it operates at the same time as the buzzer. 39. What pins connections did you use? -1 and 3 40. Utilizing the LED’s, buzzer, fan, and toggle switch. Construct a circuit using the ice cube relay that does the following: The toggle switch turns on the fan. When the fan is on the green light is on. When the fan is OFF, the buzzer sounds AND the red light is on. Explain your pin connections and how the toggle switch is connected. - On NC contact pins were the buzzer, red led, during the time fan and green led were on the NO contact pins. The toggle switch was then isolated with power source and cr. 41. Construct a circuit using the relay which requires 2 limit switches to be depressed (activated) for the buzzer to turn on. Explain how you accomplished this.