pparth lab2

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School

University of Guelph *

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1010

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by DoctorMetalAntelope74

PHYS 1010- Lab 2 Ohm’s Law and Diodes Experiment-1 Material required: 1) IO lab device 2) Breadboard 3) Two 1000 ohm resistors 4) Two Alligator-clip leads. Procedure: 1) Connect two 1000-ohm resistors on the breadboard to create a series circuit. 2) Attach two leads to the IOLab Gadget, one to the 3.3V power port and the other to the ground port (GND). 3) Connect the ground to one end of each resistor and connect the alligator clip from the 3.3V source to the opposite end of the resistors. 4) Insert a wire into the A7 port to use as voltage probe. 5) Turn on the IO lab device and open the A7 reading in the software. 6) Use the voltage probe’s tip to measure the voltage at three separate locations in the circuit. 7) Apply Ohm’s law (V=IR) using the voltage readings and resistance values of each resistor to determine the current flowing through each resistor. Absolute Error for power source= %error x actual value = (3/100)*3.3 =0.099V Absolute Error for Resistor= %error x actual value = (5/100)*1000 = 50-ohm Therefore- Theoretical resistance = 1000 +/- 50-ohm Theoretical voltage = 3.3 +/- 0.099V Uncertainity in the current = 0.00099 A As V=IR, thus V/R = I I=3.3/2000 = 0.00165 A ( R = R1+R2) as it connected in series thus R= 1000-ohm + 1000-ohm = 2000-ohm.

Thus, Theoretical current = 0.00165 + 0.00099A Comments: 1) The expected reading for the first location is supposed to be 3.3V and it is at 3.3V. 2) The second reading was supposed to be at 0V and it is there. 3) The statements are true as the wires are equipotential and the resistors are placed in series. 4) No matter wherever we place the alligator clip for reading 3 since both the probes are on the same location and connected in the same column, readings will be the same. Conclusion: The experimental values that I got are relatively close to the expected readings. Current through resistor1 = 1.65 +/- 0.025mA

Current through resistor 2 = 1.73 +/- 0.025mA. Experiment-2: Create an Ammeter Material required: 1) IO lab device 2) Breadboard 3) One 1000-ohm resistor 4) One 1-ohm resistor 5) 6 Alligator Procedure: 1) Arrange two resistors on the breadboard in the same manner as done in the previous experiment. 2) Exchange one of the 1000-ohm resistor with a 1-ohm resistor. 3) Use 6 alligator clips to connect the IO-Lab device to the resistors on the breadboard. 4) Attach one clip to the DAC port and connect it to the end of the 1000-ohm resistor. 5) Attach one clip to the DAC port and connect it to the end of the 1-ohm resistor. 6) Connect two more clips to the A7 and A8 and position them on either side of the 1000-ohm resistor. 7) Connect 2 more clips to the G+ and G- ports. 8) Connect the G+ alligator clip to the end of the 1-ohm resistor with the highest potential, and connect the G- alligator clip to the end with the ground alligator clip. 9) Switch on the IO-lab device and enable the DAC voltage adjustment by switching to expert options mode. 10) Choose Analog 7, Analog 8, and High gain from the list of sensors, and record data for several seconds without the DAC on. 11) Transfer the G+ clip to the end with the G- clip, observe any variations in the readings, then return the G+ clip to its original position. 12) Turn on the DAC output and set the DAC voltage to 0V. 13) Adjust the DAC voltage within the available voltage ranges. 14) Record and measure the voltage across and current flowing through the 1000-ohm resistor for each DAC voltage value. 15) Organize the outcomes in a table. 16) Generate a graph that illustrates the relationship b/w current and voltage.

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Results:

Experiment-3: Characteristics of light Emitting Diodes Procedure: 1) Create the same arrangement of two resistors and diodes as in experiment 2. 2) Position the Diode with its longer wire on the side that has a higher potential. 3) Begin by using the red diode. 4) Connect the A7 and A8 alligator clips to both sides of the diode. 5) Adjust the G+ and G- clips to the 1-ohm resistor. 6) Attach the DAC voltage values in the same way as experiment 2. 7) Observer the brightness intensity while recording the readings. 8) Swap the red diode with a green Diode.

9) Repeat the experiment by attaching the A7 and A8 alligator clips to both the sides of the green Diode, while the G+ and G- clips remain attached to the 1-ohm resistors. 10) Adjust the DAC voltage values in the same was as experiment 2. 11) Record the readings while observing the brightness intensity. Result: While conducting the experiments, it was observed that a the voltage of DAC increased, the brightness of red and green diodes increased as well. The voltage measurements were recorded in mV using the high gain, and were later converted to volts by dividing by 1000. To determine the current flowing through the 1-ohm resistor, the OHM’s LAW equation (V=IR) was used. The outcomes od the experiment focusing on the red diode are provided in a tabular format beneath. For Red Diode

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For green Diode

Conclusion: The graph of a resistance, which obeys Ohm's Law, is linear; in contrast, the graph of a diode, which does not obey Ohm's Law, is non-linear. Both diodes and resistors receive the same amount of electricity.

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