pparth lab3

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University of Guelph *

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1010

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by DoctorMetalAntelope74

PHYS 1010- Lab 3 Kirchhoff ’ s Law Experiment-1 Material required: 1) IO lab device 2) Breadboard 3) Two 1000 ohm resistors 4) Two 2000 ohm resistors 5) One 4700 ohm resistor 6) Five Alligator-clip leads. Procedure: 1) Connect two 3.3 ohm power sources and two grounds into the circuit. 2) Connect all the resistors as shown in the photos provided into the breadboard. 3) Connect all the alligator clips carefully with the resistors and one alligator clip to the A7 port in order to calculate the voltage. Result:

Calculated theoretical values of voltage across the resistors and the current through the resistors. Three different graphs pasted below for values of 3 loops.

Conclusion: Due to rounding mistakes, the actually observed voltage values for the resistors vary by about 0.01 V from the mathematically computed values. Because the readings were collected in a loop beginning on the right side of the circuit and going towards the left, the slight difference results in a negative potential difference. Negative theoretical voltages in this case imply a voltage decrease in the circuit in the opposite direction of the chosen loop.

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Experiment-2 Material required: 1) IO lab device 2) Breadboard 3) Two 1000 ohm resistors 4) Two 2000 ohm resistors 5) One 4700 ohm resistor 6) Four Alligator-clip leads Procedure: Follow the same instructions as Experiment 1 but this time instead of 5 alligator clips 4 should be used. Result:

The table below shows the value of percentage difference in the current

Question: Both of Kirchhoff’s Rules are practical examples of conservation laws in physics. Which fundamental quantity is being conserved in the loop rule? Answer: The loop rule, also known as Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL), is a practical example of a conservation law in physics. The fundamental quantity being conserved in the loop rule is energy. The loop rule states that the algebraic sum of the potential differences around any closed loop in a circuit must be zero, which implies that the energy gained by charges moving through a circuit must be equal to the energy lost. This principle is based on the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. Question: Which other quantity is conserved in the Junction Rule? Answer: The other quantity that is conserved in the junction rule is the Charge. Kirchhoff's current law states that the total current entering a junction in a circuit must be equal to the total current leaving the junction, which implies that charge cannot be created or destroyed, only conserved. This principle is based on the law of conservation of charge, which states that the total electric charge in a closed system is always conserved. Conclusion: The second experiment's goal was to measure the current through all five resistors in the circuit. The findings of the trial show that the percent differences were all below 10%, which indicates that the experimental results closely mirror the theoretical number that was calculated. Similarly to the first experiment, only a subset of images were included to avoid exceeding the page limit and to provide proof of the acquired readings.

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