Final Project

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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100

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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36

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Course Outcomes In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes: Determine fundamental approaches to scientific research in addressing questions related to the natural world Develop questions about fundamental aspects of the natural world that inform personal assumptions, beliefs, and values using empirical evidence Investigate questions about fundamental aspects of the natural world that inform personal assumptions, beliefs, and values using empirical evidence Articulate the value of the natural sciences for their impact on contemporary issues Overview This course will introduce you to fundamental ideas in the natural sciences and how scientists study phenomena in the natural world. Having a well-rounded understanding of scientific research is much more than just an academic pursuit. We encounter natural science every day. Consider news headlines about vaccine development, the debate about climate change, privatizing space exploration, how bees affect our environment, and whether intestinal health impacts mental health. Think about the conversations you’ve had with friends and family about weather, gardening, cancer, or black holes. These are all natural science topics! Being scientifically literate helps you to better understand the world, solve problems, and make informed judgments. It also allows you to evaluate the credibility of claims you hear in the news or from members of your community. A society that understands how science works thinks critically about information, is empowered to make better decisions, and is less likely to be misled by those who distort evidence to promote their own agenda. In this project, you will use a recent news article to identify a natural science topic that you are curious about. You will explore how research is conducted about the topic, scientific developments that have affected it, and its societal significance. This will provide you
with a deeper understanding of scientific research and the fundamental aspects of the natural world. Directions Complete this project by addressing the criteria below. You will complete parts of the project in each module and receive instructor feedback. Your final submission will be revisions of the work you do throughout the course. Be sure to incorporate instructor feedback from each assignment along the way. Read these guidelines and rubric criteria closely and reach out to your instructor if you have any questions. Part 1: Natural Science Topic Exploration In this section, you will explore a natural science topic by selecting and analyzing a current news story. You will also reflect on your existing knowledge about the topic. Then, you will identify how research on the topic was conducted as described in the news story. 1. Describe the main idea discussed in your chosen news story. a. The main idea in my new story is that there is a high energy demand for heating and cooling for residences worldwide. Therefore, in recent research, the U.S. can use 40% less fossil gas and electrical power in the area if underground water could be utilized to maintain pleasant temperatures. This technique, known as aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES), may also assist minimize blackouts brought on by excessive power demand during harsh weather conditions. 2. Explain your prior and desired knowledge regarding the main idea in your news story. a. What I do know about this topic is that fossil fuels are a big contributor to our daily resources but are also the primary cause of pollution due to releasing of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which then contributes to the development of smog and acid rain. What I would like to know is if the water that is being used underground would need to be renewed while using the aquifer's thermal energy
storage and if this water is going to be obtained underground. The only experience I have had with fossil fuel toxins being released into the atmosphere within 30 minutes of my home we have a paper factory any time I drive in that direction and see the factory working I notice large clouds of smog in the atmosphere due to them burning fossil fuel to create paper. 3. Identify a scientific approach that the scientist(s) used to research the topic. a. According to the research, evidence was collected by a group that created a case study utilizing a computer model of a Chicago neighborhood. Which was a simulation of an energy grid with a variety of potential energy sources and storage choices, including ATES, which was attached to this simulated neighborhood made up of 58 two-story, single-family homes with standard domestic heating and cooling. Then for them to determine how much of the neighborhood's overall energy budget is spent through heating and cooling demands, keeping in mind that this may also change in the time to come because of the future climate projections used. Eventually, a microgrid simulation was also created for the area to test the techno-economic viability and climate adaptation. This featured both ATES and solar power. As a result, the findings indicated that integrating ATES into the grid might cut petroleum product usage by up to 40%, but at a price that would be 15 to 20 percent more than that of current energy storage systems. References: DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (2023, April 5). Underground water could be the solution to green heating and cooling: Decarbonizing the grid means storing energy from
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renewables. Aquifers can do that. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 11, 2023, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/04/230405130132.htm Part 2: Fundamental Questions About the Natural World In this section, you will identify questions you want to answer about your topic. Your finalized question will directly influence the hypothesis you write. Finally, you will consider how your opinions and experiences affected the focus of your hypothesis. Possible research questions: If aquifer thermal energy storage can solve our high demand for heating and cooling, then are their limitations to thermal energy storage? If thermal energy can only be stored for a week, then can aquifer thermal energy be used in multiple regions/ areas, or is it limited? 1. Finalize your research question related to the main idea in the news story you selected. a. If aquifer thermal energy storage can solve the high demand for heating and cooling for residences worldwide, then are there any limitations of thermal energy storage? 2. Propose a hypothesis based on your finalized research question. a. If there is a high demand for heating and cooling for residences worldwide and aquifer thermal energy storage can be the answer to solve our climate issues, then are there any limitations to aquifer thermal energy storage?
3. Explain how your personal beliefs, assumptions, and values influenced how you approached writing your hypothesis. a. My belief is that living in the PNW region we have a lot of nature and mountains which became a big staple for what our region is known for and data has started to show how the climate fluctuation is due to the pollution that is being exposed into our atmosphere which I believe to be the factories, trains, boats that release those toxins into the air that power the machinery that is created. This then leads me to ask the question of aquifer thermal energy storage can solve our issues with the high demand for heating and cooling that residents worldwide need and decrease the amount of pollution that is generated through man-made sources then lead me to ask if it means that thermal energy has a limit that it cannot surpass. Part 3: Major Developments in the Natural Sciences In this section, you will research a significant advancement, discovery, or event that has affected how scientists research your topic. You will also explore the interrelationship between science and ethics. 1. Describe one major development in the natural sciences that has impacted how your topic was or may be studied. a. Since its development in the 1960s, aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) has gained recognition as a sustainable and energy-efficient technology. ATES is progressively being developed around the world, particularly in urban areas, because of the rising demand for sustainable energy, ongoing efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and affordability. But ATES first gained traction in China in the 1960s but had difficulties with the necessary groundwater circulation. However, the technology was created and improved in the
Netherlands, where 3,000 of the approximately 3,500 ATES devices that are now under operation internationally exist. The Dutch systems, which are currently being deployed in China, serve as a superb illustration of the two countries cooperation. Chi delves deeply into the technology, its benefits, its drawbacks, and the policy initiatives that might include ATES in China's and possibly the world's plan to lower the expenses and pollution of heating and cooling, which account for 40% of all energy-related carbon dioxide emissions globally. Describe the contributions of a scientist (or group of scientists) who was involved in the major development relevant to your topic. b. Scientists within the Dutch Association for Underground thermal energy storage did come across a variety of issues when applying their theory into action but along the way, they were able to understand the defects and know that due to insufficient design and planning exacerbated the congestion issue. Their recommendations include establishing safety zones between wells to reduce efficiency losses brought on by unfavorable interactions among wells. These rules can result in a considerable amount of wasted aquifer space between wells while also protecting the interests of current systems. The current regulations, therefore, limit the number of ATES systems in a certain area and do not result in the best utilization of the available aquifer space. You might consider the scientist’s motivations to study the topic, the challenges they encountered, or how their research changed how we think about the topic. 2. Discuss how an ethical issue might impact research on your topic.
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a. Many different ethical and moral issues are created by the development and consumption of thermal energy. Four other general energy sources are available on a global scale, and each one can led to serious ethical issues. Fossil fuels, which are still thought to be responsible for more than 80% of global energy use, can continue to be our main source of energy. Another option is to rely more on nuclear power. Thirdly, we could create renewable energy sources like geothermal, solar, or wind power. A fourth option would concentrate on productivity & conservation of energy while attempting to lower overall energy demand. Therefore, all these issues present can cause a scientist to have an issue when researching because the evidence that is being cultivated isn’t going to be sufficient because the people funding can manipulate the outcomes or the scientists for their benefit. References: Duijff, R., Bloemendal, M. and Bakker, M. (2023), Interaction Effects Between Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Systems. Groundwater, 61: 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13163 Optimization and spatial pattern of large-scale aquifer thermal energy storage. (2014, October 28). Optimization and Spatial Pattern of Large-scale Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage - ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.019 Part 4: The Value of Studying the Natural Sciences In this section, you will reflect on the benefit of having a deeper understanding of the natural sciences to you personally and to society as a whole. 1. Explain how viewing the world through a scientific lens may influence your personal life.
a. Personally, I believe that learning about the natural sciences helps us develop the abilities we need to make wiser judgments. In everyday life, we interact with science, which influences a wide range of decisions. For instance, when the covid vaccination was originally introduced, I was initially hesitant to use it. I became more interested in the potential of the vaccine after contracting covid. I had to decide whether to put my own safety and the safety of those around me above everything else. I decided to receive the vaccine after learning more about how it works and how it would decrease my symptoms if I were to contract it once more. I realized that this was the wisest course of action for me. 2. Articulate how being a more scientifically informed citizen may affect your relationship with your community. a. People can become better citizens and decision-makers by understanding the value of scientific literacy. UNESCO states that "Public understanding and engagement with science, and citizen participation including through the popularization of science are essential to equip citizens to make informed personal and professional choices." This enables citizens to advance information that is personally meaningful from a scientific point of view, allowing them a voice in the community. 3. Discuss how being a more scientifically informed citizen may help you understand global contemporary issues. a. In the best possible way, the world could alter tremendously if more people were scientifically informed. If you're going to make big decisions, you need to be scientifically literate. It influences people to make better decisions when they have a
greater grasp of their surroundings. The speaker in the opening video of the resource, "The Other Inconvenient Truth," contends that to fix the issue, we must work together as a global community. b.Krystal Parker c.February 13, 2022 d.SCI 100 Module Six Activity Template: Science in the Real World e.Apply the scientific lens to a personal experience or event. f . For me personally, the value of studying the natural
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sciences gives us the skills we g.need to make better decisions. We encounter science on a daily in our personal lives, h.which leads to us making many choices. For example, once the vaccine for covid was i. produced, I was skeptical about taking it at first. After I
caught covid that’s when I j. was more interested in the possibilities of the vaccine. I had to make the choice to k.stay safe and protect the people around me as well. Once I had a better understanding l. of how the vaccine worked and that it would lessen my symptoms if I was to catch it
m. again, I chose to get it. I understood that this was the best decision for me. n.Explain the value of being a scientifically informed citizen within your community. o . The importance of being a scientifically informed citizen helps people be better p.citizens and helps them make better
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decisions. According to UNESCO, “Public q.understanding and engagement with science, and citizen participation including r. through the popularization of science are essential to equip citizens to make informed s. personal and professional choices.” This allows citizens to
enhance knowledge that is t. scientifically relevant to them, which gives them a voice within the community. u.Discuss the obligation of citizens to be scientifically literate and how that could affect global v. contemporary issues. w . If more of the population could be scientifically
literate, that could change the world x.drastically in the best way. Scientific literacy plays an important role when it comes y. to making major decisions. When citizens have a better understanding of their z. surroundings, it influences them to choose better. According to video one in the
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aa. resources, “The Other Inconvenient Truth”, the speaker argues that we need global bb. collaboration to solve the problem by collectively working together as one. cc. References: dd. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society
ee. Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks. ff. https://www.ted.co m/talks/jonathan_foley _the_other_inconvenie nt_truth?language=en gg. Krystal Parker hh. February 13, 2022 ii.SCI 100 Module Six Activity Template: Science in the Real World
jj.Apply the scientific lens to a personal experience or event. k k . For me personally, the value of studying the natural sciences gives us the skills we ll.need to make better decisions. We encounter science on a daily in our personal lives, mm. which leads to us making many choices.
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For example, once the vaccine for covid was nn. produced, I was skeptical about taking it at first. After I caught covid that’s when I oo. was more interested in the possibilities of the vaccine. I had to make the choice to pp. stay safe and protect the people around me as well.
Once I had a better understanding qq. of how the vaccine worked and that it would lessen my symptoms if I was to catch it rr. again, I chose to get it. I understood that this was the best decision for me. ss. Explain the value of being a scientifically informed citizen within your community.
t t . The importance of being a scientifically informed citizen helps people be better uu. citizens and helps them make better decisions. According to UNESCO, “Public vv. understanding and engagement with science, and citizen participation including ww.through the popularization of
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science are essential to equip citizens to make informed xx. personal and professional choices.” This allows citizens to enhance knowledge that is yy. scientifically relevant to them, which gives them a voice within the community. zz. Discuss the obligation of citizens
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to be scientifically literate and how that could affect global aaa. contemporary issues. b b b . If more of the population could be scientifically literate, that could change the world ccc.drastically in the best way. Scientific literacy plays an important role when it comes
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ddd. to making major decisions. When citizens have a better understanding of their eee. surroundings, it influences them to choose better. According to video one in the fff. resources, “The Other Inconvenient Truth”, the speaker argues that we need global
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ggg. collaboration to solve the problem by collectively working together as one. hhh. References: iii. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society jjj. Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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kkk. https://www.ted.c om/talks/jonathan_fole y_the_other_inconveni ent_truth? language=en lll. References: mmm. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society nnn. Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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ooo. https://www.ted.c om/talks/jonathan_fole y_the_other_inconveni ent_truth? language=en ppp. References: qqq. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society rrr. Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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sss.https://www.ted.co m/talks/jonathan_foley _the_other_inconvenie nt_truth?language=en ttt. References: uuu. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society vvv. Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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www. https://www.ted.c om/talks/jonathan_fole y_the_other_inconveni ent_truth? language=en xxx. References: yyy.Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society zzz.Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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aaaa. https://www.ted.c om/talks/jonathan_fole y_the_other_inconveni ent_truth? language=en bbbb.References: cccc. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society dddd.Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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eeee. https://www.ted.c om/talks/jonathan_fole y_the_other_inconveni ent_truth? language=en ffff. References: gggg.Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society hhhh. Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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iiii. https://www.ted.co m/talks/jonathan_foley _the_other_inconvenie nt_truth?language=en jjjj. References: kkkk. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society llll. Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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mmmm. https://www.t ed.com/talks/jonathan _foley_the_other_incon venient_truth? language=en nnnn. References: oooo. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society pppp.Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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qqqq.https://www.ted.c om/talks/jonathan_fole y_the_other_inconveni ent_truth? language=en rrrr. References: ssss. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society tttt.Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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uuuu. https://www.ted.c om/talks/jonathan_fole y_the_other_inconveni ent_truth? language=en vvvv. References: wwww. Science for Society. (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/t hemes/science-society xxxx. Foley, J. (2012, April 8). The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks.
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yyyy. https://www.ted.c om/talks/jonathan_fole y_the_other_inconveni ent_truth? language=en References: Science for Society . (2018, August 10). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/themes/science-society Foley, J. (2012, April 8) The other inconvenient truth [Video]. TED Talks. https://www.ted.com/talks/jonathan_foley_the_other_inconvenient_truth?language=en What to Submit To complete this project, you must submit a Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Any sources used should be cited according to APA style. Consult the Shapiro Library APA Style Guide for more information on citations.
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