Lab notes 1-2

A common method for detecting a signal in the presence of noise is to establish a threshold level and compare the value of any observation with this threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, it is decided that signal is present. Sometimes, of course, noise alone will exceed the threshold and this is known as a "false alarm". Usually, it is desired to make the probability of a false alarm very small. At the same time, we would like for any observation that does contain a signal plus the noise to exceed the threshold with a large probability. This is the probability of detection and should be as close to 1 as possible. Suppose we have Gaussian noise with zero mean and a variance of 1 V² and we set the threshold level of 5 volts. a) Find the probability of false alarm. b) If a signal having a value of 8 volts is observed in the presence of the noise, find the probability of detection.

1.17 Test data from four components are given below. Each test consists of a complete traversal from an input value of 0 to an input value of 25. The data are listed in the order in which the traversal was made. Plot the data from each test on an input/output graph with the input on the horizontal axis and the output on the vertical axis. Use ar- rows to show the direction of traversal. 1.18 Identify all nonlinearities exhibited by each compo- nent in Exercise 1.17. Component 1 Input 0 5 10 15 20 25 20 15 10 50 Output 0 16 38 62 84 100 84 62 38 16 0 Component 2 Input 0 5 10 15 20 25 20 15 10 50 Output 0 18 36 56 78 100 82 64 44 22 0 Component 3 Input 0 6 10 15 20 22 25 19 15 10 5 30 Output 10 10 30 55 80 90 90 90 70 45 20 10 10 Component 4 Input 0 6 10 15 20 22 25 19 15 10 5 3 0 Output 10 10 27 50 78 90 90 90 73 50 22 10 10

Task 3-b: If you have two instruments used to measure the temperature of two points inside the factory (point A and point B). The true temperature for point A is 25 C, while the true temperature for point B is 30. However, the measured values for the first instrument were 26 and 30, while for the second instrument, the measured values were 25 and 29. i) Define using your own words the sensitivity drift and bias drift, then explain how these types of error could affect the measured values of the sensors. ii) of these two instruments against different temperature values (between 0 – 100 C). Assume Analyze the accuracy and error for both instruments by calculating and plotting the response linear relationship between the input and output for these instruments. Based on your calculations, specify the type of drift that affects each sensor (sensitivity drift, bias drift, or both). iv) Which of these error types can be corrected using calibration?

Subject= Digital Image processing I need The proper answer that covers the whole question.

Ohm's law experiment, we calculated and measured using multitester the resistor,voltage and current. Our datas incluse theoretical and experimental. What do you think are the possible causes or sources of laboratory errors from the data? Do these errors make your data smaller or larger? Why?

INSTRUCTIONS:  Under DC conditions, in steady state, find the current i and the voltage Vo.   the exercise of the image, it is in Spanish but it is easy to understand. Note:Please describe what method/application you are using in each step. (so I can understand it) (and that the result is good, of course).

If the input voltage Vi is a square signal. What will be the form of the output Voltage? (Write your answer in the space given below). R1

I can't tell from your solution how the signal was graphed. How do you get from the mathematical expressions to the graph? This follow up question was rejected and no explanation was given as to why. Do you need more information?

Mr. X and Mr. Y are two friends. One day they were walking on the street and saw that a man in a strange dress has shown many magical activities. He introduced a crystal that turned on the LED light by giving pressure on it. Everyone was surprised by that activities. But Mr. Y said that this crystal is a piezoelectric transducer and is also known as a self-transducer. It can't generate high voltage. For increasing voltage level extra devices are needed. a) Why it is called self-transducer?b) could you explain what are the main reason for generating the low output voltage?c) “For increasing voltage level extra devices are needed” justify this statement.

In the figure below the input stimulus and its corresponding output response is plotted . It is seen that the same result was not obtained while performing the measurement under the same condition at different times (run 1 and run 2) . Give possible reasons why the same reading for run 1 and run 2 is not achieved and comment on the sensors repeatability and response time .

mention at least three practical application where,ASK,FSK and PSK techniques are used. Subject is Communication system.

CT -2 : Solve all parts.

Given the signals below, plot the requirements for each item

please solve it carefully and quickly, solve part b  please

Electrical Engineering 6. Gyroscopes used for vehicle stability are different from those used for rollover detection. Which sensor parameters are different? In Coriolis force equation, which parameter can we modify to match the different requirements?

Q1 (a) PROTON development department wants to design an embedded safety warning system that able to monitor child seat belt condition in their upcoming vehicle launch. There are THREE independent sensors input labeled as X, Y and Z to produce THREE outputs signal of R, S and T. Sensor X was embedded at bottom seat and sensor Y was assigned at headrest support. While sensor Z was assign at buckle clip. All sensor produces HIGH when pressed or tug in. Output R will be HIGH when both input X and Y is HIGH. Output S will be HIGH when input Z and output R is HIGH. Output T will be HIGH when output R is LOW but output Z is HIGH. (i) Construct the truth table for this circuit. (ii) Analyze the minimize logic equations for output R, S and T. Show using both Karnaugh map and Boolean expression to simplify the expressions. (iii) Using the simplified expression from question Q1(a)(ii), draw its combinational circuit response.

What will be the charge and mass of an electron? I am stuck. Please help. Will give good feedback.

Solve all questions, please.

Identify a true statement about time domain. -It refers to displaying or expressing a signal as a varying power with respect to voltage. -It refers to displaying or expressing a signal as a varying time component with respect to current. -It refers to displaying or expressing a signal as a varying voltage with respect to time. -It refers to displaying or expressing a signal as a varying current with respect to power.

Why there is a different between measured and calculated value? Give 3 reasons Why errors exist during the experiment? What would happen to the percentage of relative error by varying the values of R1?.

Consider only the GREEN sinusoidal waveform displayed on the CRO screen. The 'time/cm' switch is on 2 ms/cm and the 'volts/cm' switch is on 10 V/cm. Calculate for the GREEN waveform (a) the frequency, (b) the peak to peak voltage (c) the average voltage (d) the r.m.s voltage

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Evaluate the use of analogue and digital electronic devices, in complex systems like a scientific calculator and an amplifier. For the calculator look at the input components such as chips (IC) on a circuit board, switches what do they do. The processor (microprocessor) chip (IC), central processing unit (CPU), what does it do. The output, display screen LCD, what does it do. The power source, batteries, lithium, alkaline. Where would you expect AND, OR, NOT, EXOR gates to be used. What are FULL ADDER/HALF ADDER circuits show the circuits. How is multiplication done. For the amplifier Look at the input, a small voltage/current is applied, uses the power supply to help to increase the input signal, via a transistor/op-amp integrated circuit (IC). Uses, to drive headphones, speakers. Types of amplifiers, Audio frequency, Radio Frequency, video amplifiers etc. Classes of amplifiers such as class A, B, C and AB.

b) Why do we tend to function using trains of action potentials instead of just one at a time? How does this apply to both afferent and efferent signals? Be mechanistic in your answer and be sure to include material/examples from at least 2 different testing units.

EEE3501 (3-4) Signals ... Overview Plans Resources Status and follow-up Participants Question 1 Consider the following block diagram relating the two signals x[n] and y[n]. Assume that the system described below is causal and is initially at rest. When x[n] = 8[n], what is the value of r[2] ? %3D rIn] x [n] y(n] A) 0 B) 1 -4 D) 16 E) -64 LG Your answer: 77 Pr

A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 1 If BJT is operated in saturation region, it will act as a closed switch. O True False A Moving to another question will save this response.

INFE242 ELECTRONICS PLEASE MAKE SURE THE ANSWER IS CORRECT And make your Line clear ?? All thank and appreciation ?? ?