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ESL 325 Page 1 of 9 Nuttall Sentence Structure and Punctuation The following exercises assume knowledge of Sentence Practice 1 and 2 rules about simple, compound, and complex sentence in addition to run-ons, comma splices, and sentence fragments. New rules are explained. Exercise 1 Combine each set to create complete sentences. For #8-10, you need to complete the sentences. 1. Wanting to go to the party. I bought a new dress. I wanted to go to the party, so I bought a new dress. 2. To play baseball. It’s Frank's greatest wish. It's Frank’s greatest wish to play baseball. 3. Before eating dinner. Be sure to wash your hands. Before eating dinner, be sure to wash your hands. 4. My children like simple fruit. Such as apples, oranges, pears, and bananas. My children like simple fruits, such as apples, oranges, pears, and bananas. 5. Some sports help you burn a lot of calories. For example, running, jogging, and playing tennis. Some sports help you burn a lot of calories; for example, running, jogging, and playing tennis. 6. The twins wanted to go to the baseball game. And then go out to dinner. The twins wanted to go to the baseball game and then go out to dinner. 7. My father promised us that we could all have a toy. But not play with it until after dinner. My father promised us that we could all have a toy but not play with it until after dinner. 8. Because I wanted to go to the party. Because I wanted to go to the party, I did some shopping. 9. Since Frank wanted to play baseball.v Since Frank wanted to play baseball, he joined a local team. 10. If you want to enjoy your dinner. If you want to enjoy your dinner, make sure to create a pleasant atmosphere. Exercise 2 Identify and fix any fragments in the following groups.z 1. Three little girls were playing in the sandbox, one filling a pail and the other two digging a hole. They were trying to build a pretend town with the sand. 2. The man was shopping in the grocery store. He needed food for dinner, and he wanted to make a cake for dessert, although he had never baked before. 3. Connie was mad at herself because she had left some things at her friend’s house: her new book, some make-up, and her wallet. Now she had to go get them because she needed them tomorrow morning.
ESL 325 Page 2 of 9 Nuttall 4. Plugging his role on Third Watch, Tom Berenger was on The View this week. NBC must be using him to boost Third Watch’s ratings because he was on The Tonight Show , too. 5. Jose was covered in grease because he had been working on his car all day. Luckily, he was wearing old clothes. Exercise 3 Combine the following sentences in three different ways as indicated. Make sure you retain all essential information. Koalas are cute. Koalas are cuddly. Koalas have sharp claws. Simple Sentence: Koalas are cute, cuddly, and have sharp claws. Compound Sentence: Koalas are cute and cuddly, yet they have sharp claws. Complex Sentence: While Koalas are cute and cuddly, they also have sharp claws. Exercise 5 Combine the following sets of sentences into one sentence- either a simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex sentence. 1. Bob's tennis shoes had holes in them, so he needed new tennis shoes. He bought a new pair of tennis shoes, the new pair was from Pay less Shoes. 2. The students were not reading their assigned work, and their teacher, Mister Smith, was mad. He wanted to give them a quiz as a punishment for not completing their reading. 3. The Dinner Party scam is a pyramid. Pyramids are illegal. This latest scam involves people giving $5,000 to a person at the top of a list of people. The list contains 56 names. People at the bottom of the list don't have a chance to win any money. The Dinner Party scam, which is a pyramid scheme, is illegal. This latest scam involved people giving $ 5,000 to a person at the top of a list of 56 names, with those at the bottom having no chance to win any money. 4. The baseball game was tied. The score was 6 to 6. It was the ninth inning. The home team was up to bat. The first hitter hit a home run. His score won the game for his team. The baseball game was tied 6 to 6 in the ninth inning, and the home team was up to bat. The first hitter hit a home run, securing the win for his team. 5. Cecilia wanted to throw a strike. She had thrown all strikes up to that point. A strike would give her a perfect game. She did not throw a strike. Cecilia wanted to throw a strike to achieve a perfect game, but unfortunately, she did not throw a strike.
ESL 325 Page 3 of 9 Nuttall Exercise 6 Each of the following sentences is either a run-on or a comma splice. In the blank next to the sentence, indicate "RO" if the sentence is a run-on and CS if it is a comma splice. Then, correct the run-ons and comma splices. __CS___ 1. Gail drives an SUV, she considers herself to be an environmentalist. ___CS__ 2. My parents asked me what I wanted for my birthday, they didn’t listen to my answer. __RO___ 3. Kawai is my favorite of the Hawaiian Islands it’s less crowded than the others. __CS___ 4. Josh is a big baseball fan, he never misses a Major League game. __CS___ 5. I didn't bring my umbrella the weather forecast called for sunshine today. RO 6. Sacramento is the American city with the most trees per person, it has a lot of shade. __RO___ 7. The best place to look for furniture is at garage sales, people get rid of a lot of really nice things. __CS___ 8. Fighting the rush-hour traffic is not my idea of a productive morning, I walk to work instead. __CS___ 9. Melissa bought a new stereo system for her car she has not yet figured out how it works. __CS___ 10. Next year I will travel to Europe, I need to see the United States first. Exercise 7 The paragraph below contains ten (10) run-ons and comma splices. Correct the mistakes. If you want a pet that is a good friend and easy to care for, consider getting a cat. First of all, cats are quiet, they don’t bark and whine like dogs do. Your neighbors will never know you even have a pet, they will not have any reason to complain. Also, cats are very clean animals, they can be trained to use a litter box. They do not need to be taken outside to go to the bathroom you will not be awakened at 3:00 a.m. to let them out. And, cats generally don’t require baths they bathe themselves and groom their own fur. They do not need a lot of exercise either, this makes less work for the owners. They do not need to be walked, just a few toys will keep them entertained and happy for hours. Cats are self-sufficient as well, they can survive being left alone for up to several days as long as they are given an adequate supply of food and water. Perhaps most importantly, in spite of their reputation for being aloof, cats can
ESL 325 Page 4 of 9 Nuttall be very lovable pets, they are often cuddly and affectionate. Their reputation for aloofness probably stems from the fact that they are very independent creatures, it often seems like they don’t really need people. Overall, cats make very good companions and virtually worry-free pets. If you want a pet that is a good friend and easy to care for, consider getting a cat. First of all, cats are quiet; they don't bark and whine like dogs do. Your neighbors will never know you even have a pet, as they will not have any reason to complain. Also, cats are very clean animals; they can be trained to use a litter box. They do not need to be taken outside to go to the bathroom, so you will not be awakened at 3:00 a.m. to let them out. Additionally, cats generally don't require baths; they bathe themselves and groom their own fur. They do not need a lot of exercise either; this makes less work for the owners. They do not need to be walked; just a few toys will keep them entertained and happy for hours. Cats are self-sufficient as well; they can survive being left alone for up to several days, as long as they are given an adequate supply of food and water. Perhaps most importantly, in spite of their reputation for being aloof, cats can be very lovable pets, as they are often cuddly and affectionate. Their reputation for aloofness probably stems from the fact that they are very independent creatures; it often seems like they don't really need people. Overall, cats make very good companions and virtually worry-free pets . Parallelism In English, sentences that include a series of items must use a parallel structure. This means that the items in the series must be of the same type: five nouns, four verb phrases, three clauses, and so on. Faulty parallelism affects the clarity and flow of the sentence. The examples below show a faulty structure and ways to improve it. Some changes are necessary to ensure a parallel structure. Include a comma and a coordinating conjunction (usually and ) before the last item in the series. ❑ Faulty parallelism: The author discusses the inequalities in the economic system, the problems with unfair pay, and she has also some questions about common hiring practices. ❑ Effective parallelism: The author discusses the inequalities in the economic system, the problems with unfair pay , and the hiring practices of large corporations. ❑ The three items in the above sequence are now all noun phrases.
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