Fragments, comma splices, and run-on sentences

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Feb 20, 2024

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Study Notes HH Fragments, Comma Splices and Fused Sentences, pages 272 – 280 Name: __________ Ben Reid ________________________ Date: __ 9/9/2022 _____ Fragments Recognizing Sentence Fragments 1. What is a fragment, and how can it be fixed? A sentence fragment is only a piece of a sentence, it is not complete. Phrases as Sentence Fragments 2. What keeps a phrase from being a complete sentence? A phrase is kept from being a complete sentence if it is missing a subject or a verb, it is missing both, or it is a dependent clause. 3. How can a phrase become a sentence? A phrase or fragment can be attached to an adjacent sentence. 4. What are the four phrases that are often used as fragments? a. Verbal Phrase b. Prepositional Phrase c. Appositive Phrase d. Absolute Phrase Dependent Clauses as Sentence Fragments 5. Why can’t a dependent clause stand alone as a sentence? A dependent clasue cannot stand alone in a sentence because it begins with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. 6. How can this error be corrected? a. This error can be corrected by removing the subordinating conjunction.

b. This error can also be corrected by removing the relative pronoun. 7. When is it acceptable to use a fragment? Only when the rhetorical situation allows the use of a casual tone. EXERCISE 18.1 Follow the guidelines in this chapter to locate and revise the fragments in the following paragraph from the text. If you find it necessary, make other improvements as well. Show your corrections by retyping the paragraph correctly (do not delete this original paragraph). 1 One of the most popular rides at any county fair or amusement park is the Ferris wheel. 2 The original Ferris wheel, designed by George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., was for a national exposition in 1893. The Ferris wheel rose to height of 264 feet and accommodated 2,140 passengers. 5 Ferris’s goal was to build something that would surpass in effect the Eiffel Tower, which was constructed just a few years earlier. 7 Though Ferris’s plans were not immediately accepted, the wheel was opened to the public and became an immediate success as it at times carried thirty-eight thousand passengers a day. 10 Since the nineteenth century, engineers have designed taller and taller Ferris wheels. 12 The 541-foot Singapore Flyer holds the record, but the Beijing Great Wheel, which is currently under construction, will be over a hundred feet taller. Glenn, Cheryl. Harbrace Essentials (p. 275). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.

Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 1. What is a comma splice? A comma splice is an incorrect use of a comma between two incomplete clauses. 2. What is a run-on (fused) sentence? A run on is two independent clauses that run together without any punctuation. 3. How do you correct these errors? To fix this, include appropriate punctuation and any necessary connecting words. Fragments require a change in wording; comma splices and run-on sentences require a change in punctuation. Locating Comma Splices and Run-on (fused) Sentences 4. When do these errors most frequently occur? a. With transitional words or phrases such as however, therefore, and for example. b. When an explanation or an example is given in the second sentence. c. When a positive clause follows a negative clause, or vice versa. d. When the subject of the second clause is a pronoun, whose antecedent is in the preceding clause. Revising Comma Splices and Run-on (Fused) Sentences 5. How can you correct these errors? a. Link independent clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction. b. Link independent clauses with a semicolon or a colon or separate them with a period. c. Recast an independent clause as a dependent clause or as a phrase. d. Integrate one clause into the other.

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