Assignment#1_10e
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Montclair State University *
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Dec 6, 2023
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Uploaded by ChefManatee3883
Magdaly Salcedo
17 June 2023
EAES-150 General Oceanography
Homework Assignment #1
(
10
points total)
Q. 1
(
Chapter 1 Origin
, Study Question 4
)
What
are the major specialties within marine
science?
(2 points. Note
: you need to give a detail description of each major specialty.)
The major specialties within marine science are:
Marine geologists: study Earth’s crust and composition.
Physical oceanographers: study of waves, currents, and climate prediction.
Chemical oceanographers: study the ocean’s dissolved gasses and solids in the ocean.
Climate specialists: investigate the ocean’s role in Earth’s changing climate.
Marine biologists: study the nature and distribution of marine organisms.
Marine engineers: design and construct structures used in or on the ocean.
Q. 2 (Chapter 2 History
, Study Question
6
.
)
What was the first purely scientific oceanographic
expedition, and what were some of its accomplishments?
(2 points)
The first oceanic mission with a research goal was the HMS Challenger expedition, which took
place between 1872 and 1876. The expedition made discoveries on the distribution of sediments,
the locations and profiles of coral reefs, patterns of wind and ocean currents, and 4,717 new
species.
Q. 3
(
Chapter 3 Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics
) Explain plate tectonics theory. What
evidence can you cite to support the theory of plate tectonics? What questions remain
unanswered? (2 points)
The continents' odd fit together like a jigsaw puzzle, the nonrandom distribution of earthquake
locations, and the magnetic patterns in surface rocks are all explained by the plate tectonics
theory. Paleomagnetism patterns are evidence for the plate tectonics theory. There are numerous
questions, such as Why should long lines of asthenosphere be any warmer than adjacent areas? –
Why do mantle plumes form? What causes a super plume? still go unanswered.
Q. 4 (Chapter 4 Ocean Basins
)
(1)
The terms leading and trailing are also used to describe
continental margins. How do you suppose these words relate to active and passive, or Atlantic-
type and Pacific-type used in the text? (2) What forces control the shape of a continental shelf? A
continental slope? A continental rise? (2 points)
These terms are related because active margins, also known as Pacific-type margins, are found
close to the borders of converging plates while passive margins, also known as Atlantic-type
margins, face the edges of diverging tectonic plates. Ocean currents, sediment buildup, and
proximity to a plate boundary are the processes that control the shape of the continental shelf.
Q. 5 (Chapter 5 Sediments, Study
Question 2.
)
What is the calcium carbonate compensation
depth? Is there a compensation depth for the siliceous components of once-living things? (2
points)
The calcium carbonate compensation depth is usually about 4,500 meters (14,800 feet), the rate
at which calcareous sediments accumulate equals the rate at which those sediments dissolve.
There is no composition depth for the siliceous components of once-living things because ooze
that forms doesn’t accumulate everywhere on the ocean floor.
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