Midterm

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SLNG 1317 Fall Midterm 2023 09/23/2023 Fall Midterm 1. Three deaf related organizations from week 1 include Gallaudet University, National Association of the Deaf and World Association of the Deaf. Gallaudet University is the first deaf university established in the United States. The purpose in establishing the university was to have a college where deaf people had an inherent learning community. The goal was to bring together deaf students and it served as a beacon of representativity for the deaf community. (Gallaudet University, 2023). The National Association of the Deaf is an organization that sets itself as a civil rights organization for deaf people (Nad.org). The purpose of the organization is to highlight the rights to use sign language by the deaf community, as well as to promote issues on the national level. (Nad.org). World Federation of the Deaf is an organization that’s mission is to promote access to signed languages for deaf communities by collaborating with deaf leaders and policymakers to implement human rights mechanisms. 2. Laurent Clerc was a profoundly deaf man who through trial and error attempted to cure his deafness. After painful procedures, his family could not find one to stick. Clerc learned to communicate with his family through “home sign” gestures (Life Print, 2008) however when Laurent was 12 he began attending the Instit National de Jeune Sourds- Mirets in Paris which is known as the first public school for the deaf. At this school, Clerc faced abuse from teachers forcing him to pursue hearing traits such as speaking. After an altercation with a teacher, Clerc decided he would never use his voice again and relied on signing from then on. Later in life, Clerc met a man named Thomas Gallaudet. Gallaudet communicated his desire for there to be a school ofr the deaf in U.S. as at the time, there were none. After attending classes with Clerc, Gallaudet invited Clerc to the U.S. to help him develop American Sign Language as an official language and establish the first school for the deaf. The duo provided a language for deaf American. They provided a school where the Deaf have a community. Gallaudet and Clerc paved the way for over 30 residential schools to be founded during Clerc’s lifetime. Because of Clerc, a lot of sign languages derived from French Sign Language, with ASL having a close relation. 3. William Stokoe is known as the father of linguistics because of his impact on ASL. Stokoe is known for adding validity to ASL, because according to Start ASL the language wasn’t seen as a real language. It was simply viewed as a translation of English. He is also known for co-writing The dictionary on American Sign Language. 4. American Sign Language is the form of sign used by deaf people whose base language is English. In American, we use ASL when interpreting for deaf individuals. This comes with its own set of grammar rules. According to Life Print, ASL follows a time frame, topic- comment structure (Life Print, 2023). This means instead of signing an English phrase such as “I’m going to the store at 3pm”, in ASL you sign that as “3 p.m., store I go”. This is because of the grammatical structure ASL follows. This is common in professional use of sign language such as when interpreters at courts and hospitals are paid to interpret for

a patient. However, a common structure followed is Pidgeon sign language. This is more commonly used in casual deaf settings. According to Signs of Life, PSL is a signed language that uses the vocabulary from ASL but follows English word order. Although it is accepted in many deaf communities, it is rejected on a formal stage and disrespectful to use if interpreting for a deaf person. (Signs of Life, 2013). 5. Cochlear Implants are known to play into the identity of a deaf child in three ways; lack of community, feeling broken and poor outcomes. Beginning with the first, deaf individuals who have CI find it hard to establish a community. Not feeling “deaf enough” with a cochlear is hard on the individual, but still being deaf so not being “hearing enough” for the hearing world. Then, Cochlear provide the implications that someone is broken and in need of fixing through the need of a surgery to “fix” a problem. This tells a deaf individual there is something broken and hinders their perception of self. Finally, there poor outcomes. A CI does not “fix” hearing loss, It’s a tool that can be used by deaf individuals to increase the ability to hear but it doesn’t solve deafness, and this is a huge role into the identify of a deaf person because they can’t establish a sense of self after getting a CI. 6. Week 2 Discussion 4: American individualism distinguishes itself form American Deaf culture in many ways. From my experience the deaf culture is better about being open to communicating from the initial meeting. I have seen deaf people are open to introducing themselves to people, especially other deaf people. This is probably because when they do get to meet other deaf people it’s rare, so they desire to stick together. However, the American individualist culture is very distant. You don’t go out of your way to meet new people; group settings can be awkward, and you find this creates more introverts. I have found Deaf people support others simply because they have a common denominator. In American individualist culture, it’s harder to break the ice without an obvious common denominator. Week 3 Discussion 1: A culturally marginal individual is someone who does not feel comfortable in the Deaf community but does not feel part of the larger, hearing society either. Typically, this occurs with those who have cochlear implants or were raised in a very middle section between the hearing and Deaf communities. They feel as if they cannot fully identify with either community or find themselves culturally homeless. This is because there weren’t raised with the knowledge of sign language so they didn’t feel accepted in the Deaf community (as a major division in the Deaf community is people feeling “deaf enough” to be a part of it) but also, due to having a cochlear implant, they may not feel completely accepted in the hearing community. This is partly due to a CI not fixing deafness. Those who have a CI can still struggle with their hearing. Week 4 discussion 3:

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