Chapter 3 Answers
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Interest rate caps protect the lender from falling interest rates. FALSE
A currency swap is where two parties agree to exchange interest payments in order to hedge against interest rate risk. FALSE
Most derivatives (measured by notional value) are traded on organized exchanges. FALSE
If a financial institution makes an offsetting sale and purchase of the same futures contract, it has no obligation either to deliver or take delivery of the contract. TRUE
A bank will use a short hedge in the futures market to avoid higher borrowing costs or to protect against declining asset values. TRUE
A reverse swap is where the parties exchange the principal payments instead of the interest payments on loans. FALSE
Today, bank holding companies control about what percentage of the industry's assets? 90%
Which of the following would be part of the electronic branches of a bank? ONLINE BILL PAYING
A financial institution with a negative gap would like to receive the floating rate in an interest-rate swap. FALSE
Unlike futures contracts, interest rate swap agreements have no basis risk. FALSE
Many banks are not only users of derivative products but also dealers. TRUE
When the banking industry moves toward larger but fewer organizations, it is known as: CONSOLIDATION
A hedging tool that provides "one-sided" insurance against interest rate risk is the interest rate option, which, like financial futures contracts, obligates the parties to the contract to either deliver or take delivery of securities. FALSE
A futures hedge against interest-rate changes generally requires a bank to take an opposite position in the futures market from its current position in the cash market. TRUE
The number of futures contracts needed to hedge a position increases as the bank's duration gap increases. TRUE
Corporations chartered for the simple purpose of holding the stock of at least one bank are called: BANK HOLDING COMPANIES
The sensitivity of the market price of a financial futures contract depends partly upon the duration of the
security to be delivered under the futures contract. TRUE
A financial institution confronted with a negative interest-sensitive gap could avoid unacceptable losses from rising interest rates by covering the gap with a short hedge. TRUE
Money center banks appear to use option contracts to protect the value of a bond portfolio or to hedge against interest-sensitive or duration gaps. TRUE
Banks that offer their services exclusively through the web are called: VIRTUAL BANKS
Basis risk exists on interest rate swaps because the interest rate on the swap agreement may differ from the interest rate on assets and liabilities that the parties hold. TRUE
U.S. Treasury bond futures contracts call for the future delivery of U.S. T-bonds with minimum denominations of $100,000 and minimum maturities of 15 years. TRUE
Why was the Riegle Neal Act passed in 1994 after many years of resistance? ALL OF THE ABOVE
The short hedge would usually be the correct choice if a bank is concerned about avoiding lower than expected yields from loans and security investments. FALSE
Some services of this type of bank are highly centralized while others are decentralized at the individual service facility. What type of bank does this most likely describe? BRANCH BANK
What company submitted an application to the state of Utah to establish an industrial bank in July of 2005? WAL-MART
Banks are generally writers (sellers) of put and call option contracts. FALSE
The short hedge in financial futures contracts is most likely to be used in situations where a bank would suffer losses due to falling interest rates. FALSE
In most interest rate swaps, netting reduces the default risk because the parties actually exchange only the difference in the interest payments. TRUE
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Related Questions
What kind of interest rate swap would a commercial bank with a negative re-pricing gap (that is, rate sensitive assets is less than rate sensitive liabilities) utilize to hedge interest rate risk exposure (that is, would the commercial bank enter into an interest rate swap to make floating rate payments and receive fixed rate payments)?
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If a bank acts as a market maker between two counterparties in swaps transactions (earning a spread), is it subject to credit risk when it has two offsetting swaps contracts? Explain.
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One reason interest rate swaps exist is that:
interest rates are lower because it is easy to fool investors about the credit worthiness of a company with interest rate swaps.
industrial companies are not permitted to issue fixed-rate debt.
commercial banks are not permitted to issue floating-rate debt.
interest rate swaps allow interest rate risk to be separated from credit risk.
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Not all credit risk can be removed with a credit default swap because
counterparty risk still exists
interest rate risk still exists
swaps are not traded on an exchange
all of the above
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Merck is an example of a company who decided to mitigate the adverse impact of market fluctuations by entering into hedging agreements using:
B. Interest rate swaps
C. Both A & B
A. Currency options
D. Neither A or B
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Which one of the following statements is correct for an interest rate swap?
There is an exchange of loan contracts between counterparties
A.
В.
There is no exchange of principal between counterparties
С.
There is an exchange of currencies between counterparties
D. There is no exchange of any cash between counterparties
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Briefly explain one internal hedging technique that financial institution may use to manage interest rate risk. Why might it be impossible to eliminate the risk completely?
Define each of the following hedging techniques and explain how each is used to minimize interest rate risk
a) Global cash netting
b) Embedded options in debt
c) Forward Rate Agreements
d) Zero-Coupon Swaps
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What kind of futures hedge would be appropriate in each of the following situations?
a. A bank fears that rising deposit interest rates will result in losses on fixed-rate loans?
b. A bank holds a large block of floating-rate loans and market interest rates are falling?
c. A projected rise in market rates of interest threatens the value of the bank's bond portfolio?
arrow_forward
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
The sovereign credit rating is a risk of a national government becoming unable to satisfy its loan obligations.
B.
Bond prices are inversely related to spreads.
C.
Issuer credit ratings are based on the overall creditworthiness of the firm.
D.
Liquidity is observed when there is a large difference between the offered sale price and the bid price.
arrow_forward
The following is NOT a characteristic feature of a plain vanilla interest rate swap:
exchange of principal at the beginning and at the end
cash flows in the same currency
counterparty risk
a net payment by one of the parties
notional principal
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Assume you are lending money to company X. A credit default swap (CDS) consists of an agreement by a third party to pay the lost principal and interest of a loan to you (the CDS buyer) if a borrower defaults on a loan. Which of the
following is false?
O A. A Swap completely solves the problem that company X might default
OB. A Swap solves the default problem from Company X on the condition that the third party (CDS provider) will not default.
O C. When financial crisis happens, the CDS seller may have to pay recovery to many CDS buyers, and then the CDS seller could default.
O D. B and C are part of the reasons for 2008 Global financial crisis.
arrow_forward
By acting as the counterparty to every futures position, the exchange eliminates the A) market B) credit C) interest rate D) basis risk.
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A swap:
Group of answer choices
B. Gives the holder the right to see the underlying bond.
A. Allows the buyer to purchase the underlying instrument.
C. Is an OTC agreement to exchange the cash flows of two different securities.
D. Not effective at managing interest rate risks.
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Companies often use derivatives to reduce the risk of adverse changes in all of the following except: a.
interest rates. b. commodity prices. c. inventory prices. d. foreign currency exchange rates.
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- What kind of interest rate swap would a commercial bank with a negative re-pricing gap (that is, rate sensitive assets is less than rate sensitive liabilities) utilize to hedge interest rate risk exposure (that is, would the commercial bank enter into an interest rate swap to make floating rate payments and receive fixed rate payments)?arrow_forwardIf a bank acts as a market maker between two counterparties in swaps transactions (earning a spread), is it subject to credit risk when it has two offsetting swaps contracts? Explain.arrow_forwardOne reason interest rate swaps exist is that: interest rates are lower because it is easy to fool investors about the credit worthiness of a company with interest rate swaps. industrial companies are not permitted to issue fixed-rate debt. commercial banks are not permitted to issue floating-rate debt. interest rate swaps allow interest rate risk to be separated from credit risk.arrow_forward
- Not all credit risk can be removed with a credit default swap because counterparty risk still exists interest rate risk still exists swaps are not traded on an exchange all of the abovearrow_forwardMerck is an example of a company who decided to mitigate the adverse impact of market fluctuations by entering into hedging agreements using: B. Interest rate swaps C. Both A & B A. Currency options D. Neither A or Barrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements is correct for an interest rate swap? There is an exchange of loan contracts between counterparties A. В. There is no exchange of principal between counterparties С. There is an exchange of currencies between counterparties D. There is no exchange of any cash between counterpartiesarrow_forward
- Briefly explain one internal hedging technique that financial institution may use to manage interest rate risk. Why might it be impossible to eliminate the risk completely? Define each of the following hedging techniques and explain how each is used to minimize interest rate risk a) Global cash netting b) Embedded options in debt c) Forward Rate Agreements d) Zero-Coupon Swapsarrow_forwardWhat kind of futures hedge would be appropriate in each of the following situations? a. A bank fears that rising deposit interest rates will result in losses on fixed-rate loans? b. A bank holds a large block of floating-rate loans and market interest rates are falling? c. A projected rise in market rates of interest threatens the value of the bank's bond portfolio?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? A. The sovereign credit rating is a risk of a national government becoming unable to satisfy its loan obligations. B. Bond prices are inversely related to spreads. C. Issuer credit ratings are based on the overall creditworthiness of the firm. D. Liquidity is observed when there is a large difference between the offered sale price and the bid price.arrow_forward
- The following is NOT a characteristic feature of a plain vanilla interest rate swap: exchange of principal at the beginning and at the end cash flows in the same currency counterparty risk a net payment by one of the parties notional principalarrow_forwardAssume you are lending money to company X. A credit default swap (CDS) consists of an agreement by a third party to pay the lost principal and interest of a loan to you (the CDS buyer) if a borrower defaults on a loan. Which of the following is false? O A. A Swap completely solves the problem that company X might default OB. A Swap solves the default problem from Company X on the condition that the third party (CDS provider) will not default. O C. When financial crisis happens, the CDS seller may have to pay recovery to many CDS buyers, and then the CDS seller could default. O D. B and C are part of the reasons for 2008 Global financial crisis.arrow_forwardBy acting as the counterparty to every futures position, the exchange eliminates the A) market B) credit C) interest rate D) basis risk.arrow_forward
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