Economics- Activity2
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1.
You own a plant that produces 10,000 copies per year. Your fixed costs are $50,000
per year. The marginal cost per copier is a constant $5. What is your break-even
price? What would be your break-even price if you were to sell 70% more copiers?
(A)
Here fixed cost $50,000 Variable costs = $5*10,000 = $50,000
The total cost is $100,000 Per unit cost = $100,000/ 10,000 = $10 per unit cost. Break-even point where cost equals the price. So, the $10 price is a break-even price.
(B) Where sales are more than 70%: 10,000 + 70% = 17,000-unit total
Variable costs = $5 * 17,000 unit = $85,000
Fixed cost = $50,000
Total cost = $50,000+$85000 = $135,000 Per unit cost = $135,000 / 17,000 = $7.95 per unit cost So, here break-even price is $7.95 per unit.
2.
Suppose you make an initial investment of $70,000 that will return $20,000/year for
four years (assume the $20,000 is received each year at the end of the year). Is this a
profitable investment if the discount rate is 15%?
To determine if the investment is profitable, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV).
NPV is the sum of the present values of all the cash flows associated with the investment,
discounted at the appropriate rate.
In this case, the initial investment is -$70,000 (a negative cash flow), and the annual returns are +
$20,000 for four years. To calculate the present value of each of these cash flows, we use the
formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
For the initial investment, the present value is simply -$70,000 since it occurs at time zero.
For the annual returns, we need to calculate the present value for each year and then sum them
up. Using a discount rate of 15%, we get:
PV of year 1 return = $20,000 / (1 + 0.15)^1 = $17,391.3
PV of year 2 return = $20,000 / (1 + 0.15) ^2 = $15,122.9
PV of year 3 return = $20,000 / (1 + 0.15) ^3 = $13,150.3
PV of year 4 return = $20,000 / (1 + 0.15) ^4 = $11,435.1
Summing up these present values, we get a total of $57,099.6
Finally, to calculate the NPV, we subtract the initial investment from the sum of the present
values:
NPV = -$70,000 + $57,096 = -$12,904
Since the NPV is negative, this investment is not profitable at a discount rate of 15%. In other
words, the cost of the investment outweighs the expected returns, and it would not be wise to
proceed with this investment.
3.
A US company has revenue of $5.5 million and total costs of $7.5 million, which are
or can be broken down into a total fixed cost of $3 million and a total variable cost
of $4.5 million. The net loss on the firm’s income statement is reported as $2,000,000
(ignoring tax implications). In prior periods, the firm had reported profits on its
operations.
a.
What decision should the firm make regarding operations over the short term?
In the short term, the firm should evaluate its options and consider the following decisions:
Cost Reduction
: The immediate concern is that the firm is incurring a net loss of $2
million. To mitigate this loss in the short term, the company should look for ways to
reduce its costs. This could include cutting discretionary spending, renegotiating
contracts, or even temporarily reducing staff or hours worked.
Price Adjustments
: If possible, the firm could also consider increasing its product or
service prices to cover the costs. However, this should be done carefully to avoid losing
customers or damaging the brand.
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