Homework_ Consolidations, Mergers, and Capital Formation Assignment
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Homework: Consolidations, Mergers, and Capital Formation
Assignment
Chapters 20-21
1. Suppose that HCA and Tenet were to merge. Ignore potential antitrust problems, how would
this merger be classified?
This merger would be classed as a horizontal merger. In a horizontal merger, a corporation that
acquires one of its competitors gains a larger market share.
2. List the reasons that are good motives for mergers.
Synergy, expansion, market strength, the acquisition of unique expertise and resources, diversity,
greater profitability, management's personal incentives, tax concerns, and the possibility of
discovering hidden wealth are all good reasons for merging.
3. What is the current value of free cash flow?
1.4 million x (1.285) + 300,000 - 400,000 - 500,000 = 1.4 million x .715 = 1,001,000 1,001,000
+ 300,000 - 400,000 - 500,000 = $401,000 free cash flow
4. Using a 20 EBITDA (Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization), what is
the value of the firm’s equity?
(1.8M * 20) – 1M = 36M – 1M = 35M in equity 5. What is the expected gain from the acquisition?
The expected gain from the acquisition would be 20 million.
6. What is the net present value (NPV) of the acquisition to DM shareholders if it costs an
average $30 per share to acquire all of the outstanding shares?
(30 * 10) + (22*10)/ (1=0.14)^1 = -$107.02 million
7.Would it matter to DM’s shareholders whether the shares of Arlington stock are acquired by
paying cash or DM stock?
Shares can be acquired with either cash or stock. Although the cash value remains constant, the
stock price does fluctuate over time. If the stock price does not fluctuate for an extended period
of time, cash or stock might be utilized to purchase shares.
8. Explain the difference between a joint venture and a merger.
A joint venture is a collaboration between two firms, whereas a merger occurs when one
company acquires another.
9. Explain the difference between a horizontal merger and a vertical merger.
Horizontal mergers occur when two or more businesses that manufacture the same product join
forces, whereas vertical mergers occur when organizations involved in distinct production or
marketing combine.
10. What are the four sources of long-term debt financing?
Long-term debt funding can come from four different sources: common stock, preferred stock,
and retained earnings.
11. What avenues are available for not-for-profit healthcare providers to increase their equity
position?
Internal funding, charity, government subsidies, and the sale of real estate are all options for non-
profit healthcare organizations looking to strengthen their equity position.
12. What avenues are available for for-profit healthcare providers to increase their equity
position?
For-profit healthcare providers might expand their equity position through internal fund and
stock issuances.
13. What are the advantages to a tax-paying entity in issuing debt as opposed to equity?
The advantages of issuing debt over equity for a tax-paying corporation include lower interest
rates on debt financing and the elimination of the danger of losing more of the firm through
stock. However, debt is a legal need.
14. Does adding debt increase or decrease the flexibility of a healthcare provider? Why?
Adding debt boosts a healthcare provider's flexibility by helping to build their credit rating.
15. A basis point equals how much? How much basis points are there between 6 ⅝% and 6 ¾%?
= .12%
16. What are the five characteristics of long-term debt financing?
The five features of long-term debt financing are: cost, control, risk, availability, and adequacy.
17. What factors might cause a facility to call its bond? Name at least two.
Factors that may lead a facility to call its bond coupon rate higher than the market rate can be
eliminated by keeping the bond outstanding, and if interest rates fall below the coupon rate, the
bonds can be reissued with new interest rates. If the organization has a large sum of money, it
may request bonds in order to save on bond interest.
18. You wish to retire a $10,000,000 bond that can be called in 5 years for 110% of par value, or
$11,000,000. You also need to make year-end interest payments of $700,000 per year in each of
the next five years. If you can invest money at 8%, how much money must you set aside today to
meet these obligations?
= 10,286,100
19. You have decided to advance refund $10,000,000 of outstanding debt that is callable in five
years. The interest rate on these bonds is 8%. You can issue new bonds at 6%. For every dollar
of new debt issued, you will incur a 5% issuance cost. Interest payments on the present issue are
$800,000 per year with no scheduled principal payments. How much new debt needs to be issued
to realize defeasance of the present issue?
$10,000,000 * 0.08 = $800,000
$800,000 * 0.05 = $40,000
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Related Questions
Select all that is true.
Question 19Select one or more:
a.
LBOs are an example of a financial merger undertaken to create a high-debt private corporation with improved cash flow and value.
b.
Vertical merger is a merger of two firms in the same line of business.
c.
The synergy of merger is the economies of scale resulting from the merged firms' lower overhead.
d.
Consolidation involves the combination of two or more firms, and the resulting firm maintains the identity of one of the firms.
arrow_forward
Discuss the underlying theories and empirical evidence on the value creation from horizontal mergers. How do other firm- and deal- characteristics interact with the valuation effects of such mergers?
arrow_forward
(Sudip Barua) Chapter : Merger and acquisition strategies.
Describes the seven problem in ACHIEVING SUCCESS IN ACQUISITION in your own word ,which are given below: PROBLEMS IN ACHIEVING SUCCESS IN ACQUISITION
1.Integration Difficulties
2.Inadequate Evaluation of the Target
4.Inability to Achieve Synergy
5.Too Much Diversification
6.Managers Overly Focused on Acquisitions
7.Too Large
arrow_forward
Which of the following statements is most CORRECT?
Oa. Managers who purchase other firms often assert that the new combined firm will enjoy benefits from diversification,
including more stable earnings. However, since shareholders are free to diversify their own holdings, and at what's probably
a lower cost, diversification benefits is generally not a valid motive for a publicly held firm.
Ob. The smaller the synergistic benefits of a particular merger, the greater the scope for striking a bargain in negotiations,
and the higher the probability that the merger will be completed.
Oc. Since mergers are frequently financed by debt rather than equity, a lower cost of debt or a greater debt capacity are rarely
relevant considerations when considering a merger.
Od. Operating economies are never a motive for mergers.
Oe. Tax considerations often play a part in mergers. If one firm has excess cash, purchasing another firm exposes the
purchasing firm to additional taxes. Thus, firms with excess…
arrow_forward
If you are planning an acquisition that is motivated by trying to acquire expertise, you are basically seeking to gain intellectual capital.
What concerns would you have in structuring the deal and the post-merger integration that would be different from the concerns you would have when buying physical capital?
arrow_forward
Hello, could you please answer the following question in details.
Thank you very much!
Are the following statements true or false? Justify your answer.
Mergers inspired by vertical integration motives are very rare nowadays, as transaction costs have decreased substantially since the second merger wave.
“It is always advisable for a company to diversify its activities, in order to limit the risk of being too exposed to one activity”
arrow_forward
If stock market returns for merged firms are positive, which motives for horizontal
merger would be supported? If stock market returns were negative, which motives
would be supported?
POR
arrow_forward
Suppose you are the CEO of a large firm in a service business and you think that by acquiring a certain competing firm, you can generate growth and profits at a greater rate for the combined firm. Youhave asked some financial analysts to study the proposed acquisition/merger. Do you think valuechain analysis would be useful to them? Why or why not?
arrow_forward
Discuss the validity of risk diversification as a motivation for companies engaging in merger and acquisition activity?
arrow_forward
Discuss the relative merits of different methods of corporategrowth (e.g. internal development, mergers & acquisitions,strategic alliances). Use examples from industry and relevantliterature to illustrate your answer.
arrow_forward
Synergies from mergers and acquisitions may be operating or financial in nature. Which of the following is a financial synergy?a. Better debt capacity and cost of debt
b. Improved forecast for demand and supply of the main product of the parent companyc. Improved employee productivityd. Improved market share
arrow_forward
Regarding Business Combinations:
Critically analyse the key characteristics of an acquiring company as far as mergers and acquisition is concerned.
arrow_forward
A large multinational corporation is considering acquiring a
smaller competitor to expand its market share. The potential
acquisition could provide access to new customers,
technology, and operational synergies. However, integration
risks, cultural differences, and regulatory challenges pose
threats to the deal's success. The acquiring company must
carefully analyze the target's financial health, customer
base, and operational fit. Due diligence will reveal if the
acquisition is worth the premium price. Moreover, the
method of financing the acquisition-through cash, stock, or
debt-will affect the financial impact. Should the company
proceed with the acquisition, and if so, how can it mitigate
potential risks? The decision hinges on strategic alignment
and financial return.
arrow_forward
Is merging better for a business than being acquired? Provide examples and references to support your position.
arrow_forward
A large nation-wide bank’s acquisition of a major investment advisory firm would be an example of a:
a.
market extension merger.
b.
conglomerate merger.
c.
product extension merger.
d.
horizontal merger.
arrow_forward
Discuss the concepts of Company restructuring.What
type of merger is represented by the Atlas Mara group?
What are the benefits? Give factual details. (Atlas
Mara, Finance bank, Access bank and Cavmont bank
story).
arrow_forward
A6)
Finance
What are different Anti Merger strategies available to management of firm?
arrow_forward
Financial accounting
arrow_forward
It can be argued that Mergers and Acquisitions can constitute the largest capital
budgeting project for firms interested in achieving growth.
1) Discuss the types and reasons for Mergers and Acquisitions, and explain the
three major steps of the process?
2) What are the main sources of synergies that can be achieved in mergers?
Explain and illustrate with possible examples.
3) Outline the valuation methodologies that are normally used in mergers?
arrow_forward
Assume that Tesco plc the British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer is a bidder and would like to merge with a target company which is Halfords Group PLC is a UK retailer of motoring and cycling products and services.
provide a description of the industry background, recent trends and deals, etc. Discuss how these industry trends contribute to a merger being beneficial between the bidder and target.
Background on the two companies: give strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Comment on recent stock market performance by the companies.
arrow_forward
The cost of a merger equals the:
cash paid for the target firm.
increase in total earnings minus the price paid.
premium paid over the target's value as a separate entity.
sum of cash and stock paid for the target firm.
arrow_forward
you will construct a document that will give the background to a bid, a valuation of the target company, the offer presentation and arguments from the bidder, the defense arguments from the target company, a regulatory appraisal of the bid, and a summation of the chances of the bid succeeding.
An important part of the M&A process is selecting attractive merger candidates. Thus, in the first part of your assignment, pretend that you work for the M&A department of an investment bank and you would like to earn a commission on an M&A transaction. Select a potential bidder company and attractive target for that bidder. Your bids will be fictitious, but you should proceed as if they were real bids. To facilitate the valuation process, it is recommended that both companies are based in the UK and publicly listed with financial data.
Also keep in mind that a regulatory appraisal will need to be made, so you may wish to choose combinations likely to be reviewed by regulatory…
arrow_forward
you will construct a document that will give the background to a bid, a valuation of the target company, the offer presentation and arguments from the bidder, the defense arguments from the target company, a regulatory appraisal of the bid, and a summation of the chances of the bid succeeding. An important part of the M&A process is selecting attractive merger candidates. Thus, in the first part of your assignment, pretend that you work for the M&A department of an investment bank and you would like to earn a commission on an M&A transaction. Select a potential bidder company and attractive target for that bidder. Your bids will be fictitious, but you should proceed as if they were real bids. To facilitate the valuation process, it is recommended that both companies are based in the UK and publicly listed with financial data.Also keep in mind that a regulatory appraisal will need to be made, so you may wish to choose combinations likely to be reviewed by regulatory…
arrow_forward
Discuss, with reasons, whether they fall into the category of applied orbasic research.
Scenario 1 To acquire or not to acquire: that is the question
Companies are very interested in acquiring other firms, even when the latter operate intotally unrelated realms of business. For example, Coca‐Cola has announced that itwants to buy China Huiyuan Juice Group in an effort to expand its activities in one ofthe world’s fastest‐growing beverage markets. Such acquisitions are claimed to “workmiracles.” However, given the volatility of the stock market and the slowing down ofbusiness, many companies are not sure whether such acquisitions involve too much risk.At the same time, they also wonder if they are missing out on a great businessopportunity if they fail to take such risks. Some research is needed here!
arrow_forward
Defending against mergers
Firms facing hostile takeovers often take actions to forestall the acquisition.
For instance, in a merger when change in corporate ownership occurs, executives might be allowed to bail out by taking large payments as compensation. Such tactics are referred to as _____ .
Paul works for an investment bank in the corporate finance division. Along with the typical functions in his job role—such as finding a potential target company for a client which would add synergistic value to the client, finding a potential acquirer for a client, developing defensive tactics, establishing a fair value and financing operations—Paul also works with his team in conducting arbitrage operations.
Based on your understanding of arbitrage operations complete the following sentence:
In a recent trade, Paul was assigned to buy 10% of a client’s shares from the open market at $45.50 per share and sell the shares at a price of $46.20 to a private investor, pocketing a…
arrow_forward
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- Which of the following statements is most CORRECT? Oa. Managers who purchase other firms often assert that the new combined firm will enjoy benefits from diversification, including more stable earnings. However, since shareholders are free to diversify their own holdings, and at what's probably a lower cost, diversification benefits is generally not a valid motive for a publicly held firm. Ob. The smaller the synergistic benefits of a particular merger, the greater the scope for striking a bargain in negotiations, and the higher the probability that the merger will be completed. Oc. Since mergers are frequently financed by debt rather than equity, a lower cost of debt or a greater debt capacity are rarely relevant considerations when considering a merger. Od. Operating economies are never a motive for mergers. Oe. Tax considerations often play a part in mergers. If one firm has excess cash, purchasing another firm exposes the purchasing firm to additional taxes. Thus, firms with excess…arrow_forwardIf you are planning an acquisition that is motivated by trying to acquire expertise, you are basically seeking to gain intellectual capital. What concerns would you have in structuring the deal and the post-merger integration that would be different from the concerns you would have when buying physical capital?arrow_forwardHello, could you please answer the following question in details. Thank you very much! Are the following statements true or false? Justify your answer. Mergers inspired by vertical integration motives are very rare nowadays, as transaction costs have decreased substantially since the second merger wave. “It is always advisable for a company to diversify its activities, in order to limit the risk of being too exposed to one activity”arrow_forward
- If stock market returns for merged firms are positive, which motives for horizontal merger would be supported? If stock market returns were negative, which motives would be supported? PORarrow_forwardSuppose you are the CEO of a large firm in a service business and you think that by acquiring a certain competing firm, you can generate growth and profits at a greater rate for the combined firm. Youhave asked some financial analysts to study the proposed acquisition/merger. Do you think valuechain analysis would be useful to them? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDiscuss the validity of risk diversification as a motivation for companies engaging in merger and acquisition activity?arrow_forward
- Discuss the relative merits of different methods of corporategrowth (e.g. internal development, mergers & acquisitions,strategic alliances). Use examples from industry and relevantliterature to illustrate your answer.arrow_forwardSynergies from mergers and acquisitions may be operating or financial in nature. Which of the following is a financial synergy?a. Better debt capacity and cost of debt b. Improved forecast for demand and supply of the main product of the parent companyc. Improved employee productivityd. Improved market sharearrow_forwardRegarding Business Combinations: Critically analyse the key characteristics of an acquiring company as far as mergers and acquisition is concerned.arrow_forward
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