Guided Notes Module 5

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University of Florida *

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Geography

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Feb 20, 2024

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Guided Notes: Textbook Module 5.2 What is the troposphere ? The lowest level of the atmosphere What is the stratosphere ? a layer of atmosphere that lies directly above the troposphere What is the chemical formula for ozone ? O3 What is the function of ozone in the stratosphere ? The ozone is a natural gas that filters UV radiation What are some examples of ozone-depleting substances ? chloro fluorocarbons in hydrochlorothiazide fluorocarbons Briefly describe how ozone-depleting substances like CFCs cause ozone to break down faster than it is formed, leading to a “thinning” of the ozone layer: Ozone depleting substances breakdown the ozone faster than it can be formed which causes the ozone layer to become less concentrated or just too thin. What is a transboundary problem ? Why are environmental transboundary problems like CFC-driven ozone depletion particularly difficult to address? A problem that extends across state and national boundaries pollution that is produced in one area but falls in or reaches other states or nations **Prior to the 1960s , what was the focus of most environmental policies? At what level (local, state or federal) were most environmental issues primarily handled? Policies were handled at state level and the environmental policies mostly dealt with how best to use resources rather than addressing pollution or environmental damaget What is a performance standard ? the levels of pollutants allowed to be present in the environment or released over a certain time. **How did environmental legislation significantly change in the 1960s and 70s? What drove these changes? Was this new focus on environmental legislation a partisan issue? Regulators set more environmental performance standards which identifies the levels of pollutants allowed to be present in the environment or at least over a certain time. Be familiar with the major landmark US environmental laws in Infographic 3. We will learn more about all of these laws throughout the semester.
Why was the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) significant? In 1969 U.S. law that established Environmental Protection is a guiding policy for the nation and require that the federal government take the environment into consideration before taking action that might affect it hey What is a citizen suit provision ? A provision that allows a private citizen to sue in federal court a perceived violator of certain US environmental laws such as the Clean Air Act in order to force compliance. What is an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)? How are these integrated into the environmental policy decision making process in the United States? a document outlining the positive and negative impacts of any federal action that has the potential to cause environmental damage What is the role of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ? the federal agency responsible for setting policy and enforcing US environmental laws What are some of the factors that influence environmental policy decision making in the US? How much money the politician or company has(coke lawsuit), Every president can make new reforms. Briefly define the following environmental protection policy tools and understand their advantages and disadvantages (Infographic 6): Command and control regulation: It's it's simple in concept and may achieve goals quickly but sufficient funding is needed to enforce compliance. Legislative control of an activity or industry via rules that identify acceptable actions Tax credits: if reduction in the tax one has to pay in exchange for some desirable action Green taxes: itax assessed on environmentally undesirable activities such as a tax per unit of pollution emitted Cap-and-trade: regulations that set an upper limit for pollution issue permits to producers for a portion of that amount and allow producers that use or at least less than their allotment to sell permits to those who exceeded their allotment Subsidies: financial assistance given by the government to promote desired activities. What is a convention and what is a protocol? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using these tools on an international level?
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