bowman5e_testbankwithchapterquiz_ch18

Test Bank to accompany Ecology, Fifth Edition Bowman • Hacker Chapter 18: Biogeography TEST BANK QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Which process or event is most responsible for current species losses in the Amazon? a. Global climate change b. Fragmentation c. Overexploitation d. Invasive species Answer : b Textbook Reference : A Case Study Revisited: The Largest Ecological Experiment on Earth Learning Objective: Not aligned Bloom’s Level : 1. Remembering 2. Which statement about the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) is false ? a. It is based on the principles of island biogeography. b. It investigated the effects of different-sized fragments of forest on the maintenance of species diversity. c. The control plots consist of forested land surrounded by deforested land. d. Its current mission includes addressing the effects of shape and configuration of forest fragments on maintaining species diversity. Answer : c Textbook Reference : The Largest Ecological Experiment on Earth: A Case Study Learning Objective : Not aligned Bloom’s Level : 1. Remembering 3. Where would you be most likely to find abundant small evergreen shrubs with sclerophyllous leaves? a. On the southern coast of California b. Near the west coast of Canada c. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States d. In New Zealand Answer : a Textbook Reference : 18.1 Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales. © 2021 Oxford University Press

Learning Objective : 18.1.1 Define biogeography and explain how patterns of species diversity and composition are connected across different spatial scales. Bloom’s Level : 1. Remembering 4. The fly species Drosophila santomea is found only on a single small island. Thus, this fly is considered to be a. endemic. b. invasive. c. serendipitous. d. boreal. Answer : a Textbook Reference : 18.1 Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales. Learning Objective : 18.1.1 Define biogeography and explain how patterns of species diversity and composition are connected across different spatial scales. Bloom’s Level : 2. Understanding 5. Which statement about New Zealand biogeography is true? a. Most of the tree species in New Zealand also occur elsewhere on Earth. b. Species diversity is greater in the forests of South Island than in those of North Island. c. New Zealand is home to one of the largest tree species in the world. d. New Zealand is characterized by a latitudinal species diversity gradient opposite to that seen in most of the world. Answer : c Textbook Reference : 18.1 Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales. Learning Objective : 18.1.1 Define biogeography and explain how patterns of species diversity and composition are connected across different spatial scales. Bloom’s Level : 1. Remembering 6. Which statement about species richness and composition is true? a. Species richness is usually higher at low latitudes than at high latitudes. b. At a given latitude, species composition is almost always very similar across different continents. c. If species composition changes substantially, then species richness must also change. d. Species richness shows a generally consistent longitudinal gradient across Earth. Answer : a Textbook Reference : 18.1 Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales. Learning Objective : 18.1.1 Define biogeography and explain how patterns of species diversity and composition are connected across different spatial scales. Bloom’s Level : 2. Understanding 7. Regional species diversity is also referred to as _______ diversity. a. alpha b. beta © 2021 Oxford University Press

c. gamma d. delta Answer : c Textbook Reference : 18.1 Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales. Learning Objective : 18.1.1 Define biogeography and explain how patterns of species diversity and composition are connected across different spatial scales. Bloom’s Level : 1. Remembering 8. Suppose that multiple sites in a large geographic region have been found to have very similar species compositions of herbivorous insects, even though each site has a large number of species. These herbivorous insects are therefore said to have low _______ diversity. a. alpha b. beta c. gamma d. turnover Answer : b Textbook Reference : 18.1 Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales. Learning Objective : 18.1.1 Define biogeography and explain how patterns of species diversity and composition are connected across different spatial scales. Bloom’s Level : 2. Understanding 9. Refer to the figure. In the figure, assume that the top line has a slope of 1 and the middle line a slope of 0.7. Which of the three relationships shown illustrates a scenario in which local processes most strongly limit species richness in a community? a. Top b. Middle c. Bottom © 2021 Oxford University Press

d. Impossible to say without knowing the beta and gamma diversity for each scenario Answer : c Textbook Reference : 18.1 Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales. Learning Objective : 18.1.2 Outline the processes important to global-, regional-, and local-scale biogeography. Bloom’s Level : 3. Applying 10. Refer to the table. Group Local diversity Regional diversity A 4 12 B 7 26 C 8 30 D 8 24 E 9 37 F 10 29 A grassland region can be divided into several different local communities. For six different groups of butterflies (A–F), biologists have sampled the regional species diversity and the average local species diversity. Their results are presented in the table. Which conclusion can be made based on these data alone? a. Local processes are dominating the determination of local diversity. b. Regional processes dominate local processes in determining local diversity. c. Alpha and gamma diversity show a strong negative correlation. d. Groups C and E exhibit the highest alpha diversity. Answer : a Textbook Reference : 18.1 Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales. Learning Objective : 18.1.3 Analyze the relative importance of species pools versus local scale processes in determining local community species diversity. Bloom’s Level : 5 . Evaluating 11. Which scientist conceptualized Earth as divided into six biogeographic regions and is considered the father of biogeography? a. Alfred Russel Wallace b. Robert MacArthur c. Edward O. Wilson d. Charles Darwin Answer : a Textbook Reference : 18.2 Global patterns of species diversity and composition are influenced by geographic area and isolation, evolutionary history, and global climate. Learning Objective : 18.2.1 Describe the two major biogeographic patterns— biogeographic regions and latitudinal gradients in species diversity—at the global scale. Bloom’s Level : 1. Remembering © 2021 Oxford University Press

12. Kenya is located in the _______ biogeographic region. a. Nearctic b. Palearctic c. Oriental d. Ethiopian Answer : d Textbook Reference : 18.2 Global patterns of species diversity and composition are influenced by geographic area and isolation, evolutionary history, and global climate. Learning Objective : 18.2.1 Describe the two major biogeographic patterns— biogeographic regions and latitudinal gradients in species diversity—at the global scale. Bloom’s Level : 2. Understanding 13. Brazil is located in the _______ biogeographic region. a. Nearctic b. Neotropical c. Amazonal d. Oriental Answer : b Textbook Reference : 18.2 Global patterns of species diversity and composition are influenced by geographic area and isolation, evolutionary history, and global climate. Learning Objective : 18.2.1 Describe the two major biogeographic patterns— biogeographic regions and latitudinal gradients in species diversity—at the global scale. Bloom’s Level : 2. Understanding 14. Which biogeographic region lies directly north of the Ethiopian biogeographic region? a. Oriental b. Nearctic c. Neotropical d. Palearctic Answer : d Textbook Reference : 18.2 Global patterns of species diversity and composition are influenced by geographic area and isolation, evolutionary history, and global climate Learning Objective : 18.2.1 Describe the two major biogeographic patterns— biogeographic regions and latitudinal gradients in species diversity—at the global scale. Bloom’s Level : 2. Understanding 15. Refer to the figure. © 2021 Oxford University Press