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Geography

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Dec 6, 2023

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EPWS-380 Sample Final Exam Name:_______Samantha Ashida Schwisow________ Current and future state of the earth. True or False (Circle T or F) 1. T F The earth is a finite system with limited resources. 2. T F The carrying capacity of the earth is a fixed number that scientists have calculated with a high level of precision. 3. T F The carrying capacity of the earth is variable and depends on how efficiently people use resources. 4. T F 2030 is the year when the zombie apocalypse will come to pass if a rapture event hasn’t ended the world before then. 5. T F The year 2030 has been predicted to be the year that the growing human population and diminishing resources, combine to cause a global catastrophe. This catastrophe is predicted to start with economic stress. These events are predicted to cause a dramatic decline in the human population and a general decay of human society. 6. T F Technology can increase the efficiency of resource utilization and make it possible for larger populations to exist sustainably on a fixed set of resources. 7. T F The 2030 prediction won’t begin to unfold until new year’s eve 2029. 8. T F The economic distress, climate changes, food system distress, and disease outbreaks currently happening are consistent with the 2030 prediction beginning to unfold. 9. T F People around the world are universally satisfied with their existence and those in poor countries have no desire to raise their standard of living. 10. T F While finite, the known fossil fuel reserves of the earth can likely meet human kind’s predicted energy needs for at least another century. 11. T F The known fossil fuel reserves are 5 times larger than the amount we can burn without raising global temperature more than the 2C, which scientists think is the upper limit we can stand without causing serious consequences. Global warming. True or False (circle T or F).
1. T F The “science” of the greenhouse effect and climate change is a hoax that was invented by the Chinese to cripple manufacturing in the US. 2. T F The fundamentals of global warming, like the greenhouse effect, are well established and were discovered well over 100 years ago. 3. T F The concentration of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere was relatively constant for several thousand years before 1900. 4. T F The concentration of greenhouse gasses like CO 2 and Methane has increased 30-50% over the past 50-70 years. 5. T F Both natural and human processes emit greenhouse gasses like CO 2 and methane. 6. T F Human CO 2 emissions that affect climate change are those that take carbon from underground (like fossil fuels) and release it into to the atmosphere. 7. T F Natural emissions of greenhouse gasses are ~50 times larger than human emissions. 8. T F The atmosphere had stable levels of greenhouse gasses for thousands of years because there is an equilibrium between natural sources and sinks of greenhouse gasses. 9. T F The extra ~1% of greenhouse gases that humans add to the atmosphere each year ` is causing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere to rise. 10. T F Detailed measurements of the atmosphere over the past half (like the Keeling curve) century have shown small increases in greenhouse gasses every year over the past 50+ years. These increases correlate with human / fossil fuel emissions. While these changes are small these changes have added up to a substantial increase over the past half century or so. 11. T F Science has a good understanding of and can explain the basics of global warming (greenhouse gasses go up, global temperatures rise, bad things are likely to happen). 12. T F Scientists have figured out and can clearly explain every detail of global warming like how and when storms will occur, seasonal changes in global ice cap levels, the exact high and low temperatures for every day of the next month, etc.. 13. T F Since global warming is occurring, we are unlikely to set new record low temperatures anywhere ever again.
14 . T F Record low temperatures are likely to still be observed even if global warming is occurring. However, record lows are expected to be outnumbered by record highs if global warming is occurring. 15. T F The # of record lows was about equal to the number of record highs in the 1950’s and 1960’s. However, record highs have outnumbered record lows by ~3:1 over the past few decades. 16. T F If you carefully select the right data points from temperature data, you can make it look like global warming paused in 1998. 17. T F The 10 hottest years from the past century have all come after 1998. Science, society, and public policy. True or False. 1. T F The public generally places a high value on scientific opinions. 2. T F Non-scientific arguments are often packaged to appear “scientific” to advance political goals. 3. T F Sewing doubt in science is a common tactic for groups that wish to oppose real scientific conclusions. Examples include health risks of smoking and climate change denial. 4. T F The anti-vaccination movement is based on sound medical research. 5. T F The anti-vaccination movement is based on a discredited study by Andrew Wakefield that showed 9 out of 12 children developed autism shortly after vaccination. The publication describing this study was retracted after several irregularities were found including that fact that several of the children in the study actually displayed signs of autism before vaccination. 6. T F During the misconduct investigation it was discovered that Andrew Wakefield had been paid over half a million dollars by a law firm seeking to sue vaccine makers prior to publishing his
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