02 - Geographic Grid Question Sheet.pdf

The Geographic Grid – Latitude and Longitude The Geographic Grid – Latitude & Longitude Part 1: Using a Protractor 1. The angle measured at Z below is __145_______˚ if measured from the left side of the protractor. 2. The angle measured at Z below is ____35_____˚ if measured from the right side of the protractor. 3. How many degrees will you have to travel between points A and C? You will have to travel 90 degrees from points A-C 4. Between from point A, then B, then C and then D (¾ of the circle?) 270 degrees 5. And, if you both start from, and return to point B? 360 degrees Part 2: Degrees, Minutes, Seconds & Decimal Degrees Convert the following problems into decimal degree format (round answer to hundredths) Show your work! 6. 78˚ 25’ S - Decimal Degrees = Degrees + (Minutes / 60) + (Seconds / 3600)

Degrees = 78 Minutes = 25 Seconds = 0 (since no seconds are given) Decimal Degrees = 78 + (25 / 60) + (0 / 3600) Decimal Degrees = 78 + 0.4166666666666667 + 0 Decimal Degrees ≈ 78.42 So, 78 degrees 25 minutes is approximately equal to 78.42 decimal degrees. 1 The Geographic Grid – Latitude and Longitude 7. 122˚ 18’ 57” E - Decimal Degrees = Degrees + (Minutes / 60) + (Seconds / 3600) =Decimal Degrees = 122 + (18 / 60) + (57 / 3600)=Decimal Degrees = 122 + (0.3) + (0.0158333)=Decimal Degrees ≈ 122.3158333 8. 93˚ 39’ 48” W - 1 degree (°) = 60 minutes. 1 minute (') = 60 seconds (") (') Decimal degrees = Degrees + (Minutes / 60) + (Seconds / 3600). Decimal degrees = 93° + 0.65° + 0.0133°V . Decimal degrees ≈ 93.6633° 9. 32˚ 02’ 39” S - Decimal Degrees = Degrees + (Minutes / 60) + (Seconds / 3600). Decimal Degrees = 32 + (2 / 60) + (39 / 3600). Decimal Degrees = 32 + (0.03333333) + (0.01083333) . Decimal Degrees ≈ 32.04416667 degrees So, 32 degrees 02 minutes 39 seconds South is approximately 32.04 degrees South in decimal degree format. 10. 73˚ 52’ 27” N - Degrees = 73 degrees Minutes = 52 minutes Seconds = 27 seconds. DD = 73 + (52/60) + (27/3600). DD = 73 + 0.8667 + 0.0075. DD = 73.8742 Rounded to hundredths, the decimal degree format is approximately 73.87 degrees.

So, the converted coordinate is 73.87° N. 11.6˚ 06’ 06” E - DD = 6 + (6 / 60) + (6 / 3600). DD = 6 + 0.1 + 0.00166666667. DD = 6.10166666667. So, 6 degrees 06 minutes 06 seconds East is approximately equal to 6.10 decimal degrees East. Part 3: Latitude and Longitude Please define each of the following important terms below: 12.Latitude: Latitude is a measurement of a location's distance north or south of the equator, expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds. It is used to specify a point's position in the north-south direction on the Earth's surface. Lines of latitude run horizontally, and the equator is at 0 degrees latitude. 13.Longitude: A location's longitude, which is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, indicates how far east or west of the prime meridian it is. It is used to define a point's location on the surface of the Earth in the east-west direction. The prime meridian is at 0 degrees longitude and is situated at Greenwich, England. Lines of longitude travel vertically. 14.Parallel: Any fictitious lines or circles on the surface of the Earth that run parallel to the equator are referred to as parallels in the sense of geography. These latitude lines are equally spaced apart from one another and never cross. To identify a location's north-south position, utilize parallels. 15.Meridian: A meridian is a hypothetical line that connects the North and South Poles and is used as a benchmark for calculating longitude. For determining east or west longitude, one begins at the prime meridian, which runs through Greenwich, England. Meridians form a right angle with the equator and other lines of latitude. On the other side of the Earth, each meridian is 180 degrees apart from its corresponding antimeridian. Explain the location and significance of the following: 16.Equator: Location : The Equator is an imaginary line that circles the Earth horizontally, dividing it into two equal halves: the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. It is situated equidistant from the North Pole and the South

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Pole, running east-west. Significance : The Equator is significant because it serves as a reference point for measuring latitude. Locations on or near the Equator experience a tropical climate and relatively consistent day length throughout the year. It also plays a crucial role in navigation and geography, helping to determine the north-south position of a place. 2 The Geographic Grid – Latitude and Longitude 17.Prime Meridian: Location : The Prime Meridian is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, dividing the Earth into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. The Prime Meridian is specifically located at 0 degrees longitude and passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England. Significance : The Prime Meridian is the starting point for measuring longitude. All locations on Earth are measured in degrees east or west from this line. It serves as a fundamental reference point for navigation, timekeeping (Greenwich Mean Time or GMT), and coordinating time zones worldwide. 18.International Dateline: Location : The International Dateline is an imaginary line that generally follows the 180th meridian in the Pacific Ocean but deviates from a straight line to avoid dividing some landmasses. It serves as the demarcation between one calendar day and the next. Significance : The International Dateline is significant because it determines where each day begins and ends on the Earth. When crossing from east to west, travelers subtract a day from the calendar, and when crossing from west to east, they add a day. It helps standardize timekeeping around the world and ensures that neighboring regions have roughly the same time, despite being in different calendar days. This line also has practical implications for travelers and global communication. Specify the exact latitude and longitude coordinates for the following locations (don’t forget to specify direction!): 19.The point found at the intersection of the Prime Meridian and Tropic of Cancer:

Latitude: 23.5 degrees North Longitude: 0 degrees (Prime Meridian) 20.The point found at the intersection of the International Dateline and the Antarctic Circle: Latitude: Approximately 66.5 degrees South (The Antarctic Circle is at 66.5 degrees South latitude) Longitude: 180 degrees East/West (since the International Dateline runs along the 180th meridian) 21.The North Pole : Longitude: Any longitude (the North Pole is the point where all lines of longitude converge)Latitude: 90 degrees North Use Google Maps or Google Earth to search the cities or features found at the following locations. 22.52˚ 16’ N, 104˚ 18’ E 23.44˚ 04’ N, 121˚ 19’W 24.25˚ 18’S, 130˚ 46’ E 25.3˚ 04’S, 37˚ 21’ E 3 The Geographic Grid – Latitude and Longitude 26.45˚ 6’ N, 60˚ 37’ E 27.37˚ 26.5’ N, 6˚ 15’ W

Part 4: Degrees and Measurements Calculate the linear distance separating the following locations along a meridian. Again, you will use 69 miles and 111 kilometers as the linear distance for one of latitude. Show your work and give your answer in both miles and km. 28.Sacramento and the Arctic Circle: Latitude difference = 66.5 degrees - 38.58 degrees = 27.92 degrees Distance (in miles) = 27.92 degrees × 69 miles per degree ≈ 1925.68 miles Distance (in kilometers) = 27.92 degrees × 111 kilometers per degree ≈ 3097.92 kilometers So, the linear distance separating Sacramento and the Arctic Circle along a meridian is approximately 1925.68 miles (rounded to the nearest hundredth) or approximately 3097.92 kilometers (rounded to the nearest hundredth) . 29.Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn: Difference in Latitude = 23.5 degrees South - 0 degrees = 23.5 degrees 69 miles = 1 degree 111 kilometers = 1 degree Linear Distance (in miles) = 23.5 degrees * 69 miles/degree Linear Distance (in kilometers) = 23.5 degrees * 111 kilometers/degree Linear Distance (in miles) = 1,618.5 miles Linear Distance (in kilometers) = 2,617.85 kilometers So, the linear distance separating the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn along a meridian is approximately 1,618.5 miles and 2,617.85 kilometers 30.The 35 th parallel South (35˚ S) and 70˚ N: Difference in Latitude = 70° N - 35° S = 70° + 35° = 105°

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Miles:1 degree of latitude = 69 miles Linear distance = Difference in Latitude * 69 miles Linear distance = 105° * 69 miles/degree Linear distance = 7245 miles, So, the linear distance separating the 35th parallel South and the 70th parallel North along a meridian is approximately 7,245 miles. Kilometers:1 degree of latitude = 111 kilometers Linear distance = Difference in Latitude * 111 kilometers Linear distance = 105° * 111 kilometers/degree Linear distance = 11,655 kilometers.So, the linear distance separating the 35th parallel South and the 70th parallel North along a meridian is approximately 11,655 kilometers. 31.Hilo Hawaii to Mt Denali: Find the latitude of Hilo, Hawaii: ● Hilo, Hawaii is located at approximately 19.73 degrees North latitude. Find the latitude of Mount Denali: ● Mount Denali (formerly known as Mount McKinley) is located at approximately 63.07 degrees North latitude. Find the difference in latitude: ● Difference in latitude = Latitude of Mount Denali - Latitude of Hilo, Hawaii ● Difference in latitude = 63.07 degrees - 19.73 degrees = 43.34 degrees Calculate the linear distance in miles: ● 1 degree of latitude is approximately equal to 69 miles. ● Linear distance in miles = Difference in latitude * 69 miles/degree ● Linear distance in miles = 43.34 degrees * 69 miles/degree ≈ 2,991.46 miles Calculate the linear distance in kilometers: ● 1 degree of latitude is approximately equal to 111 kilometers. ● Linear distance in kilometers = Difference in latitude * 111 kilometers/degree ● Linear distance in kilometers = 43.34 degrees * 111 kilometers/degree ≈ 4,811.74 kilometers

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