Lab 2 Assignment (1).docx

Lab 2: The Dynamic Planet GEOG 1113L – Introduction to Landforms Lab Name: I. Why Does Earth Have Layers? 1. What causes Earth’s structure to separate into layers? density 2. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called? crust 3. The chemical name for the middle layer is the mantle, while the innermost layer is called the core. 4. What is the importance of the element, iron (Fe)? The iron is the heaviest element outside of the supernova, and worked its way to the core.

II. The Rock Cycle 1. Fill out the diagram below of the rock cycle using the video and definitions given. Drag each term or phrase to its appropriate position in the cycle. Not only should each box on the diagram be filled in, but each arrow should have a label as well. Some are already given. 2. If a rock looks “squished” and displays bands or layers, what kind of rock is this likely to be? A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic 3. If a rock has vesicles formed from gas bubbles escaping, what kind of rock is this likely to be? A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic 4. If a rock looks like it is made up of a bunch of smaller rocks and grains, what type of rock is this likely to be? A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic Sediments Burial and Lithification Heat and Pressure Heat and Pressure Cooling Melting Uplif Uplif Weathering and Erosion Igneous Rocks Magma Metamorphic Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Deposition

5. Which type of rock is formed from the other two types of rocks? A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic D. All of the above 6. Which type of rock would you most likely find near a beach or lake? A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic 7. Which type of rock would you most likely find near a volcano? A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic

III. The Geologic Time Scale Visit the link below and complete pages 6 through 9 in the interactive online tour. Answer the questions below that go along with the activity. You do not need to answer the questions at the end of the tour on page 10. Link: https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/geotime/gtpage6.html 1. Older rock layers are found at the bottom of the sequence, while younger rock layers are found at the top of the sequence. 2. How old is the youngest buried fossil on page 7 and what is it called? 65 million years old 3. Which fossil captures an organism that is still found on earth today? When did it first occur on earth? It is between 468 and 470 million years old. 4. If you are trying to determine the age of a rock layer that is sandwiched between two ash layers of known age (top layer is 285 mya and bottom is 300 mya), which is an appropriate age for the middle rock layer? A. 284 mya B. 310 mya C. 296 mya D. 260 mya 5. What is the primary distinguishing factor between each period of time on The Geologic Time Scale? Sequence and their chemistry 6. What are the four major divisions of The Geologic Time Scale and how would you distinguish each of them? Eons: Eons are the largest divisions of time on the Geologic Time Scale, representing the longest periods in Earth's history. Eras: Eras are the second-largest divisions of time on the Geologic Time Scale. Periods: Periods are the next level of division in the Geologic Time Scale, and each era is subdivided into several periods. Periods are typically distinguished by the types of fossils found in the rock layers, as well as significant geological events. For example, the Jurassic Period is known for its dinosaur fossils. Epochs: The smallest divisions of geological time are epochs. They are subdivisions of periods and are used to provide even finer detail when describing Earth's history. Epochs are ofen distinguished by specific changes in the fossil record or other geological evidence.

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