Axel Wall GEOG 100 Lab 5 finished

LaU0. Swuor MOdels, 1sobars, and Fressure Gradient Force Sky Cover: The amount of shading within the station model circle illustrates the amount of sky that is covered with clouds. Figure 1-1 illustrates a clear sky. Figure 1-5 illustrates additional sky cover symbols, 3 Scattered clouds O Clear D Few clouds (< 12% cloud cover) (25% cloud cover) Partly cloudy (50% cloud cover) 9 O Mostly cloudy Overcast Sky obscured (75% cloudy) FIGURE 1-5 72 150 K ’ +24/ 66 - ' FIGURE 1-6 1. Decode the station model in Figure 1-6 on Table 1-1. Sea-levél Wind Speed Wind | Temperature Dew Point | Pressure | Pressure (kts) Direction (°F) Weather (°F) (mb) Trend | Sky Cover % Y16 So um| 12°F 1\‘\“‘\3&( 6)@ F \Q)\S O |QUnbk [oves. TABLE 1-1 ,Y SR TawousSt ) 20/ 74 FIGURE 1-7 33 Scanned with CamScanner

\ 4 Lab 9. Slation Models, Isobars, and Fiesstrs =i — 2. Decode the station model In Figure 1-7 on Table 1-2. Sea-level Wind Speed | Wind | Temperature | Dew Point | Pressure | Pressure (kts) Direction (°F) Weather (°F) (mb) Trend | Sky Cove, P - COJ'\ b L \000‘\ P rv \ — TABLE1-2 Q.6img UMV} A Orap oo 3. Sketch a station model in Figure 1-8 with the meteorological variables presented in Table 1-3. — ‘qq(, | FIGURE 1-8 Sea-level Wind Speed Wind | Temperature Dew Point | Pressure | Pressure (kts) Direction (°F) Weather (°F) (mb) Trend | Sky Cove, | Down a % North 30 Moderate | . g 999.6 | 3.1mb, | Overcast e steady TABLE 1-3 4, Sketch a station model in Figure 1-9 with the meteorological variables presented in Table 1-4. FIGURE 1-9 54 .| Sea-level Wind Speed | Wind | Temperature .| Dew Point | Pressure | Pressure (kts) Direction : (°F)_ Weather (°F) (mb) “Trend Sky Cover, ! / ! { g ¥y | | “Up 1.6, ; i No ; rising Few 9 ,,;,West 1 precipitation a2 10022 then clouds 4 steady TABLE 1-4 63 Scanned with CamScanner

W Problem-Solving Module #3: Isobars, Pressure Gradlent Force, and Wind |sobars are lines that connect places of equal barometric pressure (they ara graphically akin to contour lines that connect places of equal elevation). Isobars allow map users to quickly assess pressure patterns across large areas. They are created using the following guidelines. * |sobars never cross each other. ' * |sobars are typically spaced 4 millibars apart. Drawing isobars requires estimating their placement on a map. « Widely spaced isobars indicate little barometric pressure difference. » Widely spaced isobars indicate light winds. « Narrowly spaced isobars indicate a lot of barometric pressure difference over a short distance. ¢ Narrowly spaced isobars indicate strong winds. 1. Finish drawing the isobars in Figure 3-1. The 1016 isobars are already drawn for you. R b 8= SIS R A LTRSS Dt Research from National Atlas/USGS FIGURE 3-1 4 2. Based on your completed work in Figure 3-1, does Co!orado or Wyoming have stronger winds? AO OO - J 3. Based on your completed work in Figure 3-1, does Georgia or Ohio have stronger winds? eoc e\’ln O\ > : 4, Figure 3-1 has three low-pressure centers and one high-pressure center. Place a large letter “L" in each low pressure center and a large letter “H in the single high pressure center. 5. Based on your cdmpleted work in Figure 3-1, is the high pressure center over Minnesota or Arizona? M AN esoxe~ 57 Scanned with CamScanner

U Lab 5: Station Models, 1sobals, diill FiESSwi= ===~ .. 6. Based on your completed work in Figure 3-1, Is the pressure center over Virginia and Pennsylyania a cyclone or anticyclone? welong - 7. Based on your completed work in Figure 3-1, are winds blowing “In, toward the center” or “out, from the center” of the pressure center over Virginla and Pennsylvania? 'Tl\k -\z(,u,\)«\("r\'.» Yhe Condel 8. Based on your completed work in Figure 3-1, are winds blowing clockwise or counterclockwise in the pressure center over Virginia and Pennsylvania? ( pUAret (C\OLE-WISR 9. Draw streamlines on Figure 3-1 indicating the wind direction around the high pressure center, 10. Draw streamlines on Figure 3-1 indicating the wind direction around the pressure center above Arizona and New Mexico. f Pressure gradient force (Pgf) is the horizontal change in atmospheric pressure across a region. Pgf works to equalize pressure differences across areas; it causes high-pressure air to move toward low-pressure ajr. A high Pgf value indicates a steep gradient and thus strong winds, A low Pgf value indicates a shallow gradient and thus light winds. Pgf values are often reported in units of mb/km. ) ! " ! [ IRV Calculating the Pgf between tw;.vl locations requires knowing: § * The air pressure at both locations. j ‘ ¢ The distance between both locations. 11. Greenville is 200 kilometers from Franklin. Greenville's barometric pressure is 990 mb, and Franklin's barometric pressure is 1002 mb. What is the Pgf between Greenville and Franklin? 002 mb ~ A ein = Aads /200K =000 W/ 14, 12. Clinton is 200 kilometers from Springfield. Clinton's barometric pressure is 989 mb, and Springfield’s barometric pressure is 1009 mb. What is the Pgf between Clinton and Springfield? 00N k- ABAmbz ovab/Daokm 7 O \wb | m 13. Is the wind stronger between Greenville and Frankl\lnlor between Clinton and Springfield? L \inton ond 5(3r105¢\ e Summary of Key Terms and Concepts: « In the northern hemisphere, an anticyclone rotates clockwise around a high-pressure center. * A barometer measures atmospheric pressure. v « Controls on the wind include pressure gradient forcs, Coriolis force, and friction. | « In the northern hemisphere, a cyclone rotates counterclockwise around a low-pressure center. ’ * Isobars are used to map pressure gradients. e Pressure gradient force (Pgf) is the horizontal change in atmospheric pressure across a region. o Station pressure is a station’s air pressure that is unconverted relative to sea level. * Winds are named by the direction they come from. » Wind streamlines are symbols that are used to portray wind direction on maps. 58 Scanned with CamScanner