lab3

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York University *

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1012

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Geography

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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11

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LE/ESSE 1012 Lab 3 ©NTandon Page 1 of 11 LE/ESSE 1012 3.0 The Earth Environment Winter 2024 Lab. Section: 3 Name: Tahman Ahmed Student Number: 220825071 LAB 3: WEATHERING Due February 16, 2024, 10:00 PM ET IMPORTANT: This is a hands-on lab. You must attend the lab session in person in order to receive credit for this lab. Unless otherwise indicated, show your work for all problems. You can either enter your answers into this document electronically using a computer or tablet, or you can print this document, handwrite your answers in the spaces provided, and scan the pages. If you need additional space, you can insert additional pages or you can add additional space within the Word document. For all numerical answers, the units should be indicated. Students can discuss this lab with each other, but copying from each other or copying from other sources is cheating and is not permitted. You should not share your answer sheets with other students or look at the answer sheets of other students. You should understand the concepts well enough to explain your answers in your own words. Your answers for hands-on portions of the lab should be based on work that you yourself performed in the lab location. If the lab procedure indicates that you can form groups to complete particular tasks, then you should still be physically present in the lab location contributing to the completion of those tasks, you should write the names of other group members on your answer sheets and show your work in your own words for all questions unless otherwise indicated. If your work relies on information that is obtained from a legitimate source other than ESSE 1012 course materials, please indicate the source of that information with enough detail so that someone else can locate the source. Please see the course outline for detailed policies. This lab requires you to find three different examples of weathering outside near the lab location, explain the physical processes responsible and the possible impact of climate change. You should review your notes, lecture slides and text chapter on weathering prior to the lab session. Dress warmly if the weather is cold. In addition to this procedure either in paper or electronic form, you will need the following materials: • A phone, fully charged, with camera and location feature turned on. (Or you should have other devices with equivalent capabilities.) • Any helpful reference materials (e.g. lecture notes, lecture slides, text)
LE/ESSE 1012 Lab 3 ©NTandon Page 2 of 11 Procedure Once your lab session starts, please do the following 1. Go to the lab location, sign in with the TA and leave any belongings there that you do not wish or need to bring with you outside. The TA will remain in the lab to supervise. 2. Exit the lab and do the following: a. Photograph an example of physical weathering on either a natural or man-made structure and take a screenshot of Google Maps indicating the location of the weathering. Zoom into the map enough so that your location relative to familiar York landmarks (e.g. the Petrie building) is clear. If your phone is not able to determine your location, explain why. You should be able to find such weathering easily around Petrie or the neighbouring buildings. You should definitely not need to take risks, like stopping in the middle of a street or entering restricted areas. Do not go anywhere alone, especially after dark. The TAs will be available in the lab if you require assistance. b. If the weathering you photographed in step 2a is located in a location with a slope, take a picture of the slope to help assess possible slope instability. c. Repeat steps 2a-b, but for an example of chemical weathering on either a natural or man-made structure. The location you choose should be different from the locations you chose in the previous steps. d. Repeat step 2a, but for an example of biological weathering on either a natural or man- made structure. The location you choose should be different from the locations you chose in the previous steps. 3. Return to the lab within 40 minutes of the start of the lab period and answer the questions below. 4. Since you are not allowed to copy from each other or from other sources, your pictures should be distinct from those of other students. While you can photograph the same site as another student, no two students should have all three weathering examples in common.
LE/ESSE 1012 Lab 3 ©NTandon Page 3 of 11 Question 1: Physical Weathering For your example of frost wedging, respond to the following: a. Insert a photo of the weathering in the space below. (2 points) b. In the space below, insert a screenshot of the Google Maps location where you found the weathering. (2 points)
LE/ESSE 1012 Lab 3 ©NTandon Page 4 of 11 c. What type of physical weathering is occurring in the location that you photographed? What evidence do you see for this type of weathering? (5 points) Frost-wedging. Cracks appeared on the sidewalks where most ice/snow settle after a storm. d. Are there any additional types of weathering occurring at the photographed location? If so, what are they? Do the different weathering processes interact with each other, and if so, how? If the weathering is in a sloped location and would potentially contribute to slope instability, please insert a photo of the slope and comment on that as well. (9 points) Yes, biological weathering. They do, since the surrounding plants around it grow underneath and around the sidewalk and hence, push against the sidewalk, making it more susceptible to cracking. A very slight slo pe, no it wouldn’t contribute to any slope instability. e. Assume that, under climate change, Toronto will get warmer but continue to experience freeze-thaw cycles, and there will also be an increase in precipitation. How do you expect the physical weathering that you photographed to be affected? Specifically, compared to the present weathering rate, will the weathering become more rapid or less rapid and why? (8 points) Higher temperatures contribute to increased thermal expansion and contraction of pavement materials. During warmer periods, the pavement materials expand, and during cooler periods, they contract. This expansion and contraction put stress on the pavement, leading to cracks. Despite the overall warming trend, freeze-thaw cycles are expected to persist. During these cycles, water penetrates the cracks in the pavement. When the water freezes, it expands, exerting pressure on the pavement and widening existing cracks or creating new ones. Higher precipitation levels mean more water infiltrating into pavement cracks. As mentioned earlier, water penetration into cracks is a significant factor in pavement deterioration, particularly in freeze-thaw climates. The combination of warmer temperatures, continued freeze-thaw cycles, and increased precipitation will likely lead to more rapid physical weathering and pavement cracking compared to present weathering rates in Toronto. The collaborative effects of these climate change factors will amplify the stress on pavement materials, hastening their deterioration and necessitating more frequent maintenance and repair efforts.
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