GEOL 1408 Spring 2018 Exam 1 Test A

GEOL 1408 Spring 2017 EXAM 1: Test A 1. Volcanoes result from _____________ forces. a. Internal b. External c. Good d. Evil 2. Which statement best compares natural hazards with natural disasters? a. Natural hazards have affected humans over the past couple million years or so, whereas natural disasters have affected planet Earth over billions of years. b. A natural disaster results in a significant amount of death and destruction to an area, whereas a natural hazard has the potential to cause death and destruction. c. Natural hazards refer only to earthquakes and volcanoes, whereas natural disasters refer to all natural processes that can cause death and destruction. d. Natural disasters are caused entirely by people whereas Earth's natural processes cause natural hazards. 3. Which of the following states is NOT at risk for hurricanes? a. Florida b. Louisiana c. Texas d. Mississippi e. Idaho 4. Which of the following areas of the United States is NOT at risk for any natural disaster? a. Los Angeles, CA b. Atlanta, GA c. Denver, CO d. Stephenville, TX e. All areas of the United States are at risk for some kind of natural disaster 5. __________________ occur as a result of the process itself, such as water damage during a flood. a. Primary effects b. Secondary effects c. Tertiary effects d. Personal effects 6. A small (EF1) tornado touches down in Stephenville. The damage is limited to the area just north of Tarleton, no one is seriously injured, and the response is handled entirely by local resources. This is example of a(n) a. emergency b. disaster c. catastrophe d. extinction-level event 7. A large (EF4) tornado touches down in Weatherford. 14 people are killed and a State of Emergency is declared. This is an example of a(n) a. emergency

b. disaster c. catastrophe d. extinction-level event 8. Why do lightning strikes have a low potential for catastrophe? a. Lightning is very rare in general b. Lightning doesn't actually hurt people c. Lightning doesn't usually affect people and property on a large scale d. It is incredibly easy to protect people and property from lightning strikes 9. Tornadoes belong to which natural hazard subgroup? a. Geophysical b. Meteorological c. Hydrological d. Climatological e. Extraterrestrial 10. Avalanches belong to which natural hazard subgroup? a. Geophysical b. Meteorological c. Hydrological d. Climatological e. Extraterrestrial 11. _______________ refers to the way a hazard or disaster will affect human life and property. a. Risk b. Disaster c. Vulnerability d. Catastrophe 12. The 2010 earthquake in Haiti caused an extraordinarily high number of deaths for a magnitude 7 earthquake. Which factor did NOT play a role as to why there so many deaths? a. Poverty b. Weak building construction c. Shallow sloping coastline allowed huge tsunami to surge far inland d. High population density 13. Alfred Wegener proposed the_______________ a. Theory of Continental Drift b. Theory of Plate Tectonics c. Theory of Relativity d. Theory of Seafloor Spreading 14. The supercontinent in the Continental Drift theory was called ___________. a. Panthalassa b. Mesosaurus c. Pangaea d. Tethys e. Trumpland

15. One line of evidence that supports Wegener’s hypothesis is that ____. a. the same magnetic directions exist on different continents b. major rivers on different continents match c. land bridges still exist that connect major continents d. fossils of Mesosaurus have been found on continents that are now separated by oceans 16. What was the main reason Wegener’s hypothesis was rejected? a. He was not well liked by American scientists because he was German b. He could not explain how the continents moved c. His evidence was incorrect d. He was not a degreed geologist 17. When was the Theory of Plate Tectonics developed? a. after the Civil War b. After WWI c. After WW2 d. After the Vietnam War e. After the first Iraq war 18. What is the importance of magnetic reversals to the theory of plate tectonics? a. they cause earthquakes b. they provide evidence for seafloor spreading c. they cause volcanic eruptions d. they are associated with mass extinction events 19. What does plate tectonic theory predict about the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes? a. They should be evenly distributed throughout the Earth b. They should occur primarily along plate boundaries c. They should occur primarily in deep ocean basins d. They should occur primarily on continents 20. Geologists tested the model of sea floor spreading by dating rocks from the ocean floor. The model successfully predicted that ocean rocks a. get younger with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge b. get older with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge c. get older moving from south to north along the top of a mid-ocean ridge d. show no particular pattern of age with respect to the mid-ocean ridges 21. Approximately how old is the oldest oceanic crust? a. 1.8 billion years b. 4.54 billion years c. 1 million years d. 500,000 years e. 200,000 years 22. Reversals of the Earth's magnetic polarity a. occur with a regular periodicity; the next one will happen in 140 years. b. have occurred in the past and represent times when the south magnetic pole was swapped in location with the north magnetic pole. c. have occurred randomly in the past and represent times when the Earth turned upside-down d. are a consequence of major earthquakes such as the 3/11/2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan Earthquake