T1-2023

GEOL 3010: Environmental Geology Name: Kevin Hoffman Fall 2023 TEST 1 Multiple Choice. (2 points each) 1. The diagrams below represent age-sex pyramids with the left vertical side representing population age, and the horizontal side representing numbers. Which of the diagrams represents a country with a very rapidly growing population? a. b. c. d. e. 2. The curve that best represents the change in human population over the past 1000 years is: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 3. There is __________ relationship between the magnitude of a natural hazard and its frequency. a. a direct b. an inverse c. no d. a logarithmic 4. What is meant by the tragedy of the commons ? a. when humans overuse a natural resource b. when the short-term positive effects to the individual, while the long-term, negative effects are spread out to the group c. when humans act selfishly, thinking of their own interest d. when plants and animals compete for space, resources, and/or food 5. `Which of the following are both examples of the tragedy of the commons? a. overfishing and earthquakes b. flooding and tsunamis c. pollution and overpopulation d. super-germs and virus outbreaks 6. Which word group best describes the scientific method? a. orderly, logical, subjective means of learning about the natural world b. orderly, logical, objective means of learning about the natural world c. making observations, developing experiments to prove a hypothesis d. making observations, developing experiments to support a notion 7. Which of the following is a halide mineral that is relatively soft (H = 4); the mineral is used as a flux in manufacture of steel? a. bauxite b. halite c. pyrite d. fluorite e. potash 8. Which of the following is a carbonate precipitate mineral that is useful as a fertilizer? a. boehmite b. halite c. pyrite d. fluorite e. potash 9. Which of the following is a complex oxide ore of aluminum and forms by intense tropical weathering of mainly aluminum-rich igneous rocks? a. bauxite b. halite c. pyrite d. fluorite e. potash 10. The world population has _______________ in the last 100 years. a. quadrupled b. tripled c. doubled d. remained the same 1 4 2 5 3 Population, billions 1000 1500 2000

Short and Long Answers. 11. It is important to know the natural global denudation rates over geologic time to determine what if any, effects humans are having on redistributing rock, sediment, and soil. a balanced equation for chemical weathering of pyrite in the presence of water and oxygen to produce acid mine drainage. (6 points) 12. What is the difference between linear and exponential growth ? (6 points) Linear growth refers to a steady increase over time, where the values increase by a constant amount. On the other hand, exponential growth is characterized by a rapid increase in values over time, where the growth rate is proportional to the current value. In linear growth, the values increase at a constant rate, while in exponential growth, the values increase at an accelerating rate. 13. What is meant by environmental risk ? What is the relative environmental risk of a flood event along the central Rio Grande versus an asteroid impacting the city? (6 points) Environmental risk refers to the potential harm or negative impact of certain activities or factors on the environment. This can include pollution, deforestation, climate change, and the depletion of natural resources. Human reaction, on the other hand, refers to how individuals and societies respond to these environmental risks. It can involve efforts to mitigate or prevent further harm, such as implementing regulations or adopting sustainable practices. It can also include adaptation strategies, such as building infrastructure to withstand the effects of climate change. Balancing environmental risk and human reaction is crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability of our planet and the well-being of future generations. A relative environmental risk of a flood event along the central part of the Rio Grande versus an asteroid impacting the city is likely to happen due to erosion, loss of biodiversity, climate change and human expansion. What I mean by human expansion is the more people living in the city the more