Lab 5 Weathering and sedimentary rocks Online Supplement (2)

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University Of Georgia *

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1121L

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Geology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab 5: Spring 2024 Lab 5: Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks To complete this lab, find supplied materials in eLC in the folder Assignment Lab 5: Weathering and Sedimentary rocks Word .doc file and a powerpoint. Use a word processor to modify this file and type in your responses. Whatever word processor you use, save your work as a PDF or Word Doc and upload it to eLC. Write down questions that develop and ask your TA during meeting time of the lab or via email. Familiarize yourself with the slides in eLC and watch any videos linked . Linked videos are in your slideshows AND on this worksheet. Answer the questions below to receive credit. Items are not necessarily in order, so you will have to do some searching and remember where you have found things and go back to them. Before a sedimentary rock can form, pieces of other rocks must be weathered out of position and then transported downhill and then downstream through some erosion process or processes. Interestingly, sedimentary rocks are possibly the most important rock type of the three major types of rocks we will cover (others are igneous and metamorphic rocks) because sedimentary rocks contain earths record of life, as fossils, and many of the main energy sources humans use for our society are derived from sedimentary rocks. Further, water resources people depend on are often contained within sedimentary rocks. Let’s find out more. 1) From the slide show presentation in eLC that your TA will help you cover, what are the two types of weathering that lead to rocks crumbling? (2 points) They are chemical weathering and physical weathering. 2) Sometimes people think of weathering and erosion happening hand-in-hand, and these processes often do occur simultaneously. However, these ideas are two different things. Weathering is purely the break-down of rock material, and erosion is: (2 points) How the sediments are transported for example through wind, water, ice, and gravity. 3) Eventually all transported sediment stops, at least temporarily. These depositional areas are unique to the environment that brought in the sediment and caused it to stop moving. The compaction and sedimentation of sand grains yields a particular rock called: (1 point) Clastic → sandstone 4) The four different agents that move rock and transport it are: (4 points) Aeolian (wind), Fluvial (water), Glacial (ice), and Colluvial (gravity). 5) In detrital sedimentary rocks, what three minerals tend to survive longest because they are resistant to erosion processes? (3 points) Quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals. 6) From the video with minerals at the Mica Mine from week 3 lab, the sedimentary rocks in the area are shown at the beginning of the video and discussed at the end. During the discussion of the mineral quartz, weathering processes are described. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=wa4_bC4tgc8
Lab 5: Spring 2024 After a mineral like quartz breaks off of other rocks, what will happen to that mineral material during its journey downstream? Eventually this leads us to many of the sand grains found all over the world. (2 points). Quartz travels downstream via erosion by water or wind. It then settles, compacts, and cements into sand grains, forming sandstone in different global environments. The grain size changes as the quartz is carried downstream. They become rounder and less coarse. 7) Layers of rock found throughout much of the Earth’s surface are sedimentary rocks. In Bangs Canyon of Colorado, what are the two rock layers’ names discussed there? (2 points) The Chinle and the Wingate. 8) In what physical orientation are the two rock layers of Bangs Canyon? (1 point) They are horizontal. 9) The rock layers are said to be Jurassic and Triassic in age in the video, which means they might have dinosaur fossils in them. Watch this video to learn about fossils in sedimentary rocks and how you might identify them: Sedimentary rocks and dinosaurs - YouTube . Rocks like these in the video are very close to the Mica Mine at a place called the Mygatt-Moore Quarry. A. What two dinosaur names are given in the video? (2 points) Camarasaurus and Sauropod. B. What sedimentary rock type is best at preserving dinosaur bones out of the 3 discussed? (1 point) Shale C. Why might conglomerate cause damage to bones? (2 points) The water from the floods will move the sediments, causing the bones to become broken down and separated. The Morrison Formation rocks at Mygatt-Moore, and the Chinle and Wingate rocks of Bangs Canyon, are all terrestrial sedimentary rock layers. This means the sediments accumulated on land either in rivers and streams or, in the case of the Wingate, as large sand seas like the Sahara. 10) Rocks that are more likely to deposit offshore include chemical sedimentary rocks, where precipitated minerals like calcite form the rock called __ limestone __ (1 point) 11) Deposition by evaporation of large quantities of water may leave behind sea salt, which is the minerals: Halite and Gypsum (2 points) 12) One of the consequences of burying organic material, like peat or forests or jungles, is that the sediment may accumulate so much that water is squeezed out, the rocks become heated and density of the organic material increases. This process is the basic description of how what energy resource forms? ___ How the energy resource through coal forms .____(2 points)
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