Homework #1_Brady

.docx

School

Emporia State University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

111

Subject

Geology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

5

Uploaded by DoctorField11525

Report
Name ___ Emma Brady _____ Introduction to Earth Science ES 110 Homework #1 -- Rocks, Minerals, and Volcanic Activity ( Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6) Instructions : Define the following words and phrases and answer the questions below . Use this list of terms, processes, and concepts to your advantage as you study for the first exam in ES 110. Answer all parts of a question to be eligible for full credit (worth 20 pts. total). Homework #1 is due on lecture exam day, Monday 2/5/24 by 10:00 p.m. via Canvas upload . Late assignments will lose points; make sure you submit your work on time. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. What are chemical sedimentary rocks and how do they form? Also, provide an example of a chemical sedimentary rock. Chemical sedimentary rocks are one of the three main types of sedimentary rocks. Chemical sedimentary rocks form from minerals that crystallize in water. The process of their forming begins with minerals weathering and disintegration in water from pre-existing rocks. Then the movement of sediment like water, wind, or ice does the transporting. After that, the sediment calms down in layers. The last step is lithification which transforms from sediment to rock. They are compacted and the air and any water is squeezed out between grains. 2. In the world of metamorphic rocks, what does the term “parent rock” mean? Provide the name of one parent rock AND the resultant metamorphic rock. The term parent rock refers to the original rock that transformed into a metamorphic rock. An example of a parent rock and the resultant metamorphic rock is Shale and Slate. 3. Explain the Mohs Scale of Hardness and how it can be useful in the study of minerals. Mohs Scale of Hardness is used to measure the scratch resistance of minerals. The scale ranks minerals from 1-10, 1 being the softest and 10 being the hardest. One way the Mohs Scale of Hardness can be useful is to identify an unknown mineral. By completing a scratch test with a fingernail or glass they can determine where the mineral is at on the scale and narrow down possibilities.
4. What is the Scientific Method? The scientific method is an approach used to investigate phenomenon’s by making observations, developing a hypothesis, collecting data, and drawing a conclusion. 5. What is the “streak” of a mineral, and how can it be useful for mineral identification? The streak of a mineral is the color of powder residue from the mineral after being scratched or rubbed against a streak plate. It can be useful for mineral identification based on what color is left behind on the plate because it is often a different color than the mineral in a solid form. 6. What are extrusive igneous rocks in terms of their formation process? Provide at least two examples of extrusive rocks. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed from lava that erupts and the rocks are formed on the surface of the earth. They cool down relatively quickly. Glassy texture igneous rocks are produced by rapid cooling. Fine-grained textured igneous rocks are produced from lava and cooled quickly near the earth’s surface. And porphyritic textured igneous rocks are produced slowly and then rapidly cooling. Two examples of these extrusive rocks are pumice and basalt. 7. What is a cinder cone? Describe the formation process of this specific volcanic landform. A cinder cone are volcanoes that are built from lava fragments. Cinder cones have a steep slope angle and occur in groups. Cinder cones start to form after another volcano erupts. The ejected material, including ash and volcanic rocks, settles around the vent of the volcano. As the cinder cone grows, the vent of the volcano becomes smaller and may even close due to the larger fragments that were ejected settling near the vent and crater.
8. How do detrital sedimentary rocks form ? Provide a specific example of this type of sedimentary rock (provide at least one detrital rock name). Sedimentary rocks form by weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation. Weathering: this is when pre-existing rocks break down and are dissolved by usually water or other chemicals. Erosion: the weathered rocks are moved by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Deposition: the minerals settle, usually in water. Compaction: layers of minerals build up and compress together. Cementation: this is when the minerals squeeze out the water and any air between them. Two examples of a type of sedimentary rock is shale and sandstone. 9. Define: Scientific hypothesis - A scientific hypothesis is an idea that can be tested by experiments and observations that can be proven to be true or incorrect. 10. Explain the Bowen’s Reaction Series - Bowens Reaction Series shows the order of minerals and crystallization in a cooling melt. The Bowen Reaction Series table shows what temperature minerals must be to crystallize. 11. What is magmatic differentiation? Magmatic Differentiation is the process of more than one type of rock generated from a single magma. Magmatic differentiation changes the composition of the remaining melt after a volcanic eruption.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help