Lab 11 Part 2

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Oklahoma State University *

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1114

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Geology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Laboratory Investigation 11 Groundwater, geology, humans, and climate PART 2 3. QUESTIONS 3.1 (L1) Which sediment is more porous, gravel or clay? (0.5 pt). Clay 3.2 (L2) Rank the following sediment deposits by their degree of permeability with 1 being the most permeable. (0.5 pt) Eolian sand (dune) 1 Alluvial gravel 3 Debris flow deposit composed of mixed sand, silt, clay, and gravel 4 Glacial clay 2 3.3 (L1) What is a confined aquifer? (0.5 pt) A layer of water in permeable rocks constrained by two impermeable rocks 3.4 (L1) What is an artesian well? (0.5 pt) Water from a confined aquifer that ascends by pressure through cracks and faults 3.5 (L1) List at least five possible sources of aquifer contamination (0.5 pt) Chemical pollution, salt intrusion,

GEOG 1114 Lab Lab 11. Groundwater, geology, humans, and climate 4. PRACTICE AND APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE Groundwater Flow The map of Figure 4.4.1 shows the water level contour lines indicating the elevation of the water table on a hillside confined by faults, a stream, and the ocean. Note that the topographic contours are not shown. Therefore, in this exercise we are not going to deal with depth, but with groundwater flow. Analyze the map and answer the questions below. Figure 4.1.1 Groundwater flow map showing water table (water level) contours. 4.1 (L2) If there is a leak of chemicals above point E, will the chemicals reach point A? Explain your answer. (1.5 pt) 19

GEOG 1114 Lab Lab 11. Groundwater, geology, humans, and climate 4.2 (L4) Using the equations in section 4.3, calculate the hydraulic gradient in ft/mile between points A and D. Estimate the distance using the scale of the map. (2 pts) 4.3 (L4) Calculate the groundwater velocity between A and D, knowing that the average flow of the aquifer is 142 ft/day and the average porosity of the rock is 6%. Show your work. (2 pts) Groundwater contamination Many gas stations use underground storage tanks (UST) to store fuel below the ground. These USTs can leak and gasoline could possibly reach the water table. In the area shown in map in the PowerPoint file ( Gas_stations.ppt ), gasoline residue has been detected in the groundwater. To assess the problem, a company has obtained the depth of the water table using a series of wells (Table 4.3). Now, using the knowledge you gained in the previous exercises, you will investigate the possible source of the leak. Table 4.3 Monitoring well Water table depth in feet 1 794 2 790 3 788 4 786 5 786 6 783 7 780 19

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