Final Exam Quizlet Answers

.docx

School

Louisiana State University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

3503

Subject

Geology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by DukeKnowledge13288

1. Any man made cut, cavity, trench or depression in an earth surface formed by earth removal. Ans: Excavation 2. A narrow underground excavation with a depth greater than the width but no wider than 15 ft. Ans: Trench Excavation 3. The main federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation. Ans: OSHA 4. The organization within the Department of Labor (DOL) that is authorized to conduct job-site inspections is the: Ans: Occupational Safety Health Administration 5. The OSHA standards for excavation that employers are required to follow are found in 29 CFR 1926 _______: Ans: Subpart P 6. OSHA's 1926 Subpart P applies to all open ________ made in the earth's surface. Excavations are defined to include ___________. Ans: Excavations; Trenches 7. A competent person is one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable __________ in the surroundings, or working conditions which are dangerous, hazardous, or _____ to employees, and who has ______ to take prompt __________ measures to __________ them. Ans: hazards, unsanitary, authorization, corrective, and eliminate 8. to "assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance". Ans: OSHA's Mission 9. applies to all open excavations made in the earth's surface including trenches, all surfaces encumbrances that would create a hazard, and protective systems. 29 CFR Sub-part P. Ans: Excavation Standard 10. One who is registered as a professional engineer in the state where the work is to be performed. A professional engineer, registered in any state is deemed to be a 'registered professional engineer' within the meaning of this standard when approving designs for 'manufactured protective systems' or tabulated data to be used in interstate commerce. Ans: Registered Professional Engineer 11. Tables and charts approved by a registered professional engineer and used to design and construct a protective system; Must be made available on the job site. Ans: Tabulated Data 12. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Ans: Competent Person 13. One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. Ans: Qualified Person 14. % of the time a competent person wasn't on site when an accident occurred. Ans: 86 15. % of the time a competent person was on site when an accident occurred. Ans: 14 16. T/F: Employers are often cited for not training their employees. Ans: True 17. T/F: Competent persons must be trained in recognition and avoidance of hazards to avoid unsafe conditions. Ans: False (this what excavation workers must be trained in) 18. T/F: Competent persons must be trained in soil analysis, protective systems, and OSHA standards. Ans: True

19. A Standard in which the method of compliance is not specified. Ans: Performance Standard 20. T/F: OSHA does not enforce any violation on an excavation that is less than 5 ft. Ans: False; OSHA standards enforce all excavation regardless of depth. However, no protective system is required for excavation that is less than 5 ft. deep 21. explain OSHA requirements and how they apply to specific circumstances. Ans: Letters of Interpretation 22. T/F: According to OSHA, a trench is a narrow excavation that is no greater than 10 ft. at its base. Ans: False (15 ft.) 23. Trenchless technology is covered by OSHA standards. Ans: False 24. T/F: The most likely person to act as a competent person are supervisors and excavator operators. Ans: True 25. T/F: Trench-less technology is covered by OSHA standard. Ans: False 26. Factors affecting Soil Strength: Ans: Soil Type, Freezing, Previous Disturbance, and Moisture Content 27. Types of Soils: Ans: Rock, Cemented, Cohesive, Non-cohesive (granular), and loam 28. Soil Particle size. Ans: Gravel: 4.75-76.2 mm , Sand: 0.075-4.75 mm , and Fines (Silts & Clays): < 0.075 mm 29. Types of rock that can create soil. Ans: igneous, sedimentary, & metamorphic 30. a soil in which the particles are held together by a chemical agent, such as calcium carbonate, such that a hand-size sample cannot be crushed into powder or individual soil particles by finger pressure ex: hardpan & caliche. Ans: Cemented Soil 31. A soil that is grainy such as gravel and sand. Formed by the breaking down of rocks through mechanical or chemical processes into smaller pieces. Ans: Granular Soil (non-cohesive or cohesionless soil) 32. natural solid mineral matter that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact while exposed; types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Ans: Rock 33. soil that is grainy such as gravel and sand - also known as non-cohesive or cohesion- less soil; formed through mechanical and chemical weathering. Ans: Granular Soils 34. Clay or clay rich soils that are chemically-bonded and show plastic behavior upon wetting. Formed by chemical weathering of igneous rocks to form clay minerals. Ans: Cohesive Soils 35. Problems with Clay soils. Ans: Swelling and Shrinkage with change in moisture 36. Problematic Clay is also known as this. Ans: Expansive Clay 37. Effects of water on soil: Ans: increase weight of soil , facilitates chemical bonding between the grains , and increases fluidity and erosion of soils 38. mixture of granular and cohesive soil; The proportion of silt, sand, and clay affect its stability. Ans: Loams 39. T/F: The best type of soil are loams which are a mixture of granular and cohesive soils. Ans: True 40. The depth at which soil voids become fully saturated with water. Ans: The Water Table 41. Organic Matter changes these in soils: Ans: Plasticity, Shrinkage, Compressibility, Hydraulic conductivity, and Strength 42. T/F: Freezing gives the impression of instability in soils. Ans: False (Gives the impression of stability)

43. Pushes the ground up and apart. Ans: Soil Freezing 44. Moves the soil into the excavation. Ans: Soil Heaving 45. Soils with no shear strength that behave as heavy fluid; Upward seepage can become large enough to cause effective stress to drop to zero. Ans: Quicksand/ Boiling Sand 46. Tension Cracks form at: Ans: one-half to three quarters times the depth of the trench 47. T/F: Cohesive strength is mostly present in clay. Ans: True 48. T/F: Strength of soil decreases with the increase of water content. Ans: True 49. T/F: Heaving is caused by artesian condition in the groundwater table. Ans: False (Heaving is caused by the downward pressure caused by the weight of adjacent soil) 50. T/F: Detection of artesian condition is critical to avoid boiling condition in the excavation. Ans: True 51. the depth at which soil voids become fully saturated with water is called the water table. Ans: Groundwater Table 52. T/F: The increase of the depth of excavation increases the chance of boiling condition. Ans: True 53. Effects of organic matter: Ans: it increases: plasticity , high shrinkage, high compressibility, low hydraulic conductivity , and low strength 54. length the excavation is to be sloped. Ans: 1.5x's the height of the excavation 55. T/F: Soil classification shall be made by any worker at the site. Ans: False (it should be conducted by a competent person using manual and field tests.) 56. T/F: It is very common for soil to be classified as Type A. Ans: False (very rare. Most common soils are Type B and C) 57. T/F: A stiff clay free of fissures or fracture planes that dip into the excavation on a slope of 4:1 or greater are Type B. Ans: True 58. T/F: A soft clay that is submerged with water is a Type C soil. Ans: True 59. T/F: Many contractors design their sites on the worst case conditions (Type C). Ans: True 60. Used to assess whether a soil is cohesive (clay, silty clay) or non-cohesive (sand, gravel). Ans: Plasticity Test 61. Measure the strength of a soil by attempting to penetrate it with a thumb (ASTM D2488): tough - type a; moderate - type b; easy - type c. Ans: Thumb Penetration Test 62. T/F: A competent person can use one manual test to classify a soil. Ans: False (he/she should use at least one manual and one visual test in their assessment) 63. T/F: The thumb penetration is not recommended by OSHA because it is not accurate. Ans: False (it is permitted by OSHA) 64. T/F: The dry strength test is used to identify cohesive and granular type of soil. Ans: True 65. T/F: A layered rock soil is classified as Type A as long as it passes the thumb penetration test. Ans: False (a layered rock is rarely stable. Layered system that slopes into the trench at an angle of 4:1 or greater is not a Type A soil) 66. T/F: A granular soil collapses into the trench during excavation. Ans: True 67. Three types of Protective Systems. Ans: Sloping and Benching, Shoring, and Shielding 68. T/F: In a layered system, each soil is sloped with its respective maximum slope. Ans: False (not in all cases)

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help