chapter_04 (1)

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1 Chapter 4: The Habitability of Earth 1) The Earth owes its habitability primarily to A) the chemical composition of its surface B) a combination of its size and its distance from the Sun C) its size only D) its distance from the Sun only 2) Which of the following statements correctly describe the word geology? A) The study of worlds with solid surfaces B) The study of the Earth C) The study of the processes and features that shape worlds D) All of the statements describe the word geology 3) Which of the following processes is believed to have been an important source of the Earth's atmosphere? A) outgassing by volcanoes on the Earth's surface B) gas trapped from the solar nebula C) matter blasted from the surface of the Moon D) charged particles trapped from the Sun 4) Which component of Earth's geology is believed to have been largely responsible for the long- term climate stability that has allowed life to evolve? A) global magnetism B) seismic activity C) plate tectonics D) erosion and weathering 5) Which component of Earth's geology has helped to shield the Earth's atmosphere from energetic particles of solar wind from the Sun which would have gradually stripped it away into space? A) volcanism B) seismic activity C) plate tectonics D) global magnetism 6) What do we mean by the "geological record"? A) rocks from earlier periods of the Earth's history B) samples of meteorites that fell to Earth early in its history C) remains of ancient organisms preserved in rocks D) an album by the Rolling Stones 7) What do we mean by the "fossil record"? A) rocks from earlier periods of the Earth's history B) samples of meteorites that fell to Earth early in its history C) remains of ancient organisms preserved in rocks D) an album by the Rolling Stones

2 8) How are the "geological record" and the "fossil record" related? A) the geological and fossil records are completely unrelated B) the fossil record is part of the geological record C) the geological record is part of the fossil record D) the geological record and the fossil record are just different names for the same thing 9) Rocks are found on the surface of another planet which appear to have been formed from the solidification of molten lava. Given this, they are most likely to be classified as A) meteoritic B) metamorphic C) sedimentary D) igneous 10) Rocks are found on the surface of another planet which appear to have been formed at the bottom of an ancient ocean. Given this, they are most likely to be classified as A) metamorphic B) igneous C) meteoritic D) sedimentary 11) When heat and pressure are applied to a sedimentary rock it turns into A) a metamorphic rock B) a meteorite C) another sedimentary rock D) an igneous rock 12) When heat and pressure are applied to an igneous rock it turns into A) another sedimentary rock B) an igneous rock C) a meteorite D) a metamorphic rock 13) When an igneous rock is eroded and then becomes deposited at the bottom of an ocean it turns into A) a metamorphic rock B) a meteorite C) another igneous rock D) a sedimentary rock 14) When a metamorphic rock is eroded and then becomes deposited at the bottom of an ocean it turns into A) a meteorite B) an igneous rock C) a sedimentary rock D) another metamorphic rock

3 15) Mineralogical analysis of a rock can tell us A) the detailed geological history of the rock B) what the rock is made of C) when the rock formed D) the temperature and pressure conditions under which it formed 16) Chemical analysis of a rock can tell us A) when the rock formed B) the detailed geological history of the rock C) what the rock is made of D) the temperature and pressure conditions under which it formed 17) Isotopic analysis of a rock can tell us A) what the rock is made of B) the detailed geological history of the rock C) the temperature and pressure conditions under which it formed D) when the rock formed 18) The method of dating the ages of rock and fossils using isotopic abundances is referred to as A) radiometric dating B) speed dating C) dendrochronology D) radiochronology 19) A radioactive isotope is A) an unstable nucleus that gives off radio waves B) a nucleus that formed from the fusion of two other nuclei C) a stable nucleus that is formed from the fission of a large unstable nucleus D) an unstable nucleus that spontaneously breaks apart 20) In radioactive decay, the original nucleus before decay is referred to as the A) daughter isotope B) parent isotope C) mother-in-law isotope D) progenitor isotope 21) In radioactive decay, the changed nucleus after decay is referred to as the A) daughter isotope B) parent isotope C) mother-in-law isotope D) progenitor isotope 22) In alpha decay, A) a proton turns into a neutron B) a neutron turns into a proton C) a proton turns into an electron D) a helium nucleus is ejected

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