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1 Applying Theory to Specific Settings and Populations Brittany M. Hill Walden University COUN 6753: Career Counseling Dr. Janee Steele March 12, 2023

2 Applying Theory to Specific Settings and Populations Career counseling is a vital part of a person’s life. Theory plays a vital role in the development of an effective career counseling plan for each individual. It is important for career counseling and development to be considered at all ages, specifically children and adolescents. This paper will describe the application of two career theories, Anne Roe’s Personality Theory of Career Choice and Super’s Life- Span, Life-Space Theory, to the population of children and adolescents. A summary will be provided of each theory followed by a description of the specific application and importance of that theory with children and adolescents. Theories of Career Counseling and Development Utilizing theories in career counseling aids counselors in assisting their clients to understand the career decision making process. If a career counselor did not utilize different theories with their clients, it is possible that the interventions would not benefit the client. The inclusion of theories in career counseling helps counselors humanize their practice with every client based on their individual needs (Hutchison, 2015). When counselors focus on humanizing their practice with different theories, they focus on their client’s dignity, relationship with others, and their ability to see their own worth (Hutchison, 2015). Anne Roe’s Personality Theory of Career Choice Anne Roe’s Personality Theory of Career Choice would be useful when working with children and adolescents during the career decision making process. In this theory, Roe explains that the environment that a child is raised in has a direct relationship with their career choices later in life (Niles & Harris- Bowlsbey, 2022). For example, Roe’s theory explains that, depending on the child’s environment when they were growing up, they may gravitate towards people or away from people when making their career choices (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2022). Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Theory

3 Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Theory explains that every person has different characteristics that will make them more suitable for certain occupations (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2022). Super also explains that there are different stages in which someone’s characteristics change and impact their career choice, including growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline or disengagement (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2022). Super’s theory for career choice would be useful for use with children and adolescents because they would go through several of Super’s stages during that time in their life (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2022). Application of Career Theory to a Desired Setting and Population As a clinical mental health counselor working with children and adolescents, Roe’s Personality Theory of Career Choice can impact interventions used with my clients. Roe’s theory focuses more on a client’s career choice based on childhood experiences, so interventions are not a main part of this theory (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2022). However, with currently working with children and adolescents that have experienced trauma, I believe that if a client has a safe place to talk with an adult, it could change their view of the world and could impact their career choice. Roe explains that a person working in the service industry was likely reared in a loving environment (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2022). If even one aspect of a child’s life can be classified as loving, it is possible that the child’s ultimate career choice could be impacted by this. As a clinical mental health counselor, I would utilize this theory with my clients by offering them a loving space so their career choice would not be solely based on any trauma that they have experienced. Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Theory can be useful when working with children and adolescents due to the different stages described in the theory (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2022). As a counselor working with children and adolescents, I will utilize this specific theory by using different career assessment instruments while the individual is in the growth or exploration stage (Niles & Harris- Bowlsbey, 2022). Using different assessment instruments while someone is in different stages of their life

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