BUS-FPX4002_CapacetteLourdes_Assessment3

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Capella University *

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FPX4002

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Health Science

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Dec 6, 2023

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1 Historical Trend Analysis Lourdes Capacette Capella University BHA-FPX4002: History of the United States Health Care System Chanadra Whiting November 7, 2023

2 Historical Trend Analysis While a healthcare administrator's job responsibilities can vary daily, helping to save money while upholding financial accountability and offering as many patients as possible high- quality care is one of the most crucial aspects of their work. Since the 1800s, the United States has made efforts to improve healthcare access, quality, and affordability in all three of these areas. This study will address the importance and consequences of having access to affordable, high-quality healthcare. Trends and Regulations Definitions of access, quality, and cost can vary greatly depending on the intended audience. Most people would agree that all three are necessary to create a healthy population that has confidence in those working in the medical field and in efforts to improve its health. Access to healthcare can be impacted by a person's social standing, race and ethnicity, economic status, and geographic location. The ability of a patient to access their medical records may also be implied. It is suggested by quality that needs are taken into account and that problems are successfully resolved to the best of the providers' abilities. Cost comprises the costs associated with patients, locations, vendors, and our healthcare system. Many changes have occurred between the 1800s and the present; some will be further discussed. Health Care Access Over the past ten years, reports have indicated that the Academic Health Centers (AHCs) in the United States are under threat. The primary indicators of this threat are a decline in the perceived value of the patient care provided and a notable reduction in direct payments to AHC physicians. These cuts have put more pressure on AHCs to improve their productivity in patient care and research, as well as forced them to become more efficient. The difficulties posed by

3 rising healthcare costs and the growing uninsured population have led to further changes in the American healthcare system. Ten trends are clear for the upcoming ten years: 1) increased patient volume; 2) increased technological capacity; 3) increased information sharing; 4) the patient as the final consumer; 5) creation of an alternative delivery system; 6) competition-driven innovation 7) rising expenses, 8) growing uninsured population, 9) decreasing provider compensation, and 10) ongoing need for the new healthcare system. AHCs will need to show how they are "different" and "better" than the competition while maintaining efficiency gains through increased collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and educators in response to these trends (Garson & Levin, 2001). In all three eras under consideration, access to care has improved. Patients who were sick or impoverished in the early 1800s often got poor treatment and were kept in almshouses with little access to medical care. In order to treat Civil War soldiers who were injured or in need, the Veterans Health Administration was first established in the middle of the nineteenth century (Young & Kroth, 2018). Originally established to serve ports on the East Coast, the Marine Hospital Service underwent a reorganization in 1870 to become a hospital system that operates nationwide (Young & Kroth, 2018). The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps was established in 1889 to provide greater access to the general public. It was intended to be a mobile corps of physicians who could provide care wherever a need was identified (Young & Kroth, 2018). Health Care Quality Insufficient quality of care will prevent access from addressing any long-term issues. There are many ways to define high-quality healthcare, and what matters most to one individual might not matter to another. Numerous healthcare quality initiatives have long attempted to take

4 into account as many variables as they can. Long-term care needs a range of services that are still coordinated and flexible within the service system to adjust to the changing needs of users over time (Young & Kroth, 2018). As medical errors in hospitals continue to rise in frequency and severity, healthcare administrators need to find ways to be more stringent in their approaches to improving and maintaining high-quality healthcare outcomes. We suggest that the main criteria by which health systems should be evaluated are their effects—such as improved health and its equitable distribution, people's trust in the system, their financial gain, and the care processes—which include professional care and a satisfying experience for the patient. The population and its health needs and expectations, health sector governance and cross-sector partnerships, platforms for care delivery, workforce size, skill set, tools, and resources, including data and medications, are the cornerstones of high-quality health systems. Health systems require solid foundations and the ability to measure and use data to learn. Four principles should guide excellent health systems: equitable, resilient, and people- centered (Kruk et al., 2018). The public's interest in formal professional home care services began in the late 1800s, partly because of the overcrowding and unsanitary conditions in the institutions that were then in place. Links to increased mortality and morbidity when environmental conditions deteriorated were found in a previous 1850 Sanitary Commission report (Young & Kroth, 2018). This study, recognized as one of the foundational works in the history of American public health, led to the establishment the City Board of Health in New York City in 1865 or 1866 to manage public health (Young & Kroth, 2018). The 1900s saw a continuation of the trend of acknowledging the need for higher quality with the introduction of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965 (Del Grosso,2015)., which set a

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