EPSY+435+Reading+Application+%239
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Texas A&M University *
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Course
435
Subject
Health Science
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
2
Uploaded by GeneralCrow6000
EPSY 435 Educational Statistics- Reading Application #9 (Significant levels)
1.
The consumption of caffeine to benefit alertness is a common activity practiced by 90% of adults in North America.
Often caffeine is used in order to replace the need for sleep. One recent study compares students' ability to recall
memorized information after either the consumption of caffeine or a brief sleep. A random sample of 35 adults
(between the ages of 18 and 39) were randomly divided into three groups and verbally given a list of 24 words to
memorize. During a break, one of the groups takes a nap for an hour and a half, another group is kept awake and
then given a caffeine pill an hour prior to testing, and the third group is given a placebo. The response variable of
interest is the number of words participants are able to recall following the break. The summary statistics for the
three groups are shown below in the table. The researchers are interested in testing whether there is evidence of
difference in average recall ability between any two of the treatments. Thus we have three possible tests between
different pairs of groups: Sleep vs Caffeine, Sleep vs Placebo, and Caffeine vs Placebo.
Group
Sample Size
Mean
Standard Deviation
Sleep
12
15.25
3.3
Caffeine
12
12.25
3.5
Placebo
11
13.70
3.0
a) In the test comparing the sleep group to the caffeine group, the
p-
value is 0.003 (using
0.05 significant level). What is the conclusion of the test?
You can see the difference represented in the. Since the P value is less than .05 or .01.
There is a difference between the relationships. Group, and the caffeine group. The mean
of the sleep group is higher than the caffeine group. We can then conclude that the sleep
group had a better ability to recall Memorize information.
b) In the test comparing the sleep group to the placebo group, the
p-
value is 0.06. What is
the conclusion of the test using a:
(i) 5% significance level? (0.05)
(ii) 10% significance level? (0.1)
When the 5% significance level was used, I was able to conclude that there was not a
difference between the placebo group and the sleep group, because the P value was
greater than .05. When using the 10% significance level, the P value was .06 and less
than the significant level of .10. With this information we can conclude by using evidence
that there was a significant difference between the two groups.
c) In the test comparing the caffeine group to the placebo group, the
p-
value is 0.22 (using
5% significant level). According to the test results, would we be justified in concluding
that caffeine impairs recall ability? Why or why not?
Even with the evidence, we are given we don’t have evidence to support the claim that
caffeine does impair the recall ability but the evidence does show that there is not a
difference between the caffeine group and the placebo group. Since the mean of the
caffeine group is lower than the placebo group, it does give me the idea that caffeine
should not be your first choice.
d) According to this study, what should you do before an exam that asks you to recall
information? ☺
According to this study, you should try and get a lot of sleep so that you are not tired and
can achieve your goal. This will help you feel more refreshed, and be able to reach the
highest level of recall from the information that you have tried to memorize for the exam.
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