Questions on Introduction to Quantitative Measurements

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University of the People *

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CPH 4510

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Health Science

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Dec 6, 2023

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Introduction to Quantitative Measurement Unit 1 Written Assignment UNIVERSITY OF THE PEOPLE HS 4510-01 Biostatistics AY-2024-T2 Instructor: Adaugo Eziyi Date: 19/11/2023

1. Number of past road accidents is a ratio variable, because it has a meaningful zero point and can be compared using ratios. For example, a person who had 4 accidents has twice as many accidents as a person who had 2. This variable is also discrete, because it can only take integer values. History of past road accident is a nominal variable, because it is a categorical variable that does not have any inherent order. For example, whether a person had a head-on collision, a rear-end collision, or a side-impact collision does not imply any ranking. This variable is also discrete, because it can only take a finite number of values. Heartbeats per minute is a ratio variable, because it has a meaningful zero point and can be compared using ratios. For example, a person who has 80 beats per minute has twice as many beats as a person who has 40. This variable is also continuous, because it can take any value within a range. Time taken to complete a race is a ratio variable, because it has a meaningful zero point and can be compared using ratios. For example, a person who took 10 minutes to complete a race took twice as long as a person who took 5 minutes. This variable is also continuous, because it can take any value within a range. Race is a nominal variable, because it is a categorical variable that does not have any inherent order. For example, whether a person is Asian, Black, White, or Hispanic does not imply any ranking. This variable is also discrete, because it can only take a finite number of values.

ABO blood type is a nominal variable, because it is a categorical variable that does not have any inherent order. For example, whether a person has type A, B, AB, or O blood does not imply any ranking. This variable is also discrete, because it can only take a finite number of values. Injury severity score that takes values from 1 to 5, with 1 being “very minor”, 2 “minor”, 3 “moderate”, 4 “serious”, 5 “very serious” is an ordinal variable, because it is a categorical variable that has an inherent order. For example, an injury with score 5 is more severe than an injury with score 4. This variable is also discrete, because it can only take integer values. 2. This scenario's incidence and prevalence numbers suggest that women are more likely to contract and recover from the disease. The incidence rate is the number of new cases of an illness in a population over time, while the prevalence rate is the percentage of persons with the disease. If women have a greater incidence rate than men, more women are contracting the disease. However, if prevalence rates reveal no sex differences, women and men have equal disease rates. Women may be more likely to survive or recover from the condition than men, or vice versa. It could also mean migration, misdiagnosis, or underreporting alter incidence and prevalence rates. 3. To calculate the given expression, we need to multiply each element of X, Y, and Z according to their corresponding positions, and then square the result of Z. Here is a step-by-step solution:

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