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Pre-Session Assignments (PSA) #1 Name ______________________________________________ Complete the vocabulary-matching sections and at least the first three objectives for each chapter. Doing so will prepare you for recitations and for the quizzes. You are highly encouraged to complete the rest of the objectives to keep you on track and so you can ask for clarification during recitation. All answers can be found in the textbook, even if a section has not yet been covered in lecture. Please complete and turn in one hour before the designated weekly recitation time via canvas. Chapter 21 Objectives: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life 1. Describe the early conditions on early Earth and the requirements for life to begin 1 ____ an organism that lives in or on another ____ a specific type of protobiont containing enzymes used for more complex synthesis ____ single membrane organelles originated by budding off the internal surface of the plasma membrane ____ double membrane organelles arose from a symbiotic relationship in which the endosymbiont living inside the cell lost its autonomy and became incorporated as an organelle within that cell ____ one type of protobiont; produced by adding water to abiotically formed polypeptides ____ an organism not capable of producing its own organic molecules from inorganic materials (will be a consumer) ____ a vesicle of abiotically produced polymers ____ an organism capable of producing its own organic compounds from inorganic materials (photosynthesis for example) ____ a column of prokaryote cells that become fossilized (living ones are extremely rare) A. Autotroph B. Coacervate C. Endo- membranous Theory D. Endosymbiont E. Endosymbiosis Theory F. Heterotroph G. Microsphere H. Protobiont I. Stromatolite

2. Describe the Miller-Urey experimental model and explain how it could be used to investigate the synthesis of organic molecules (drawing helpful! ) 3. Compare and contrast protobionts, microspheres, and coacervates, and discuss their relationship to the hypothesis of “pre-cell life” 4. Describe how naturally occurring surfaces may have contributed to early chemical reactions and compare and contrast prebiotic soup hypothesis with iron-sulfur hypothesis for the evolution of protobionts and cells 5. Define the terms associated with the evolution of early life (anaerobe, aerobe, heterotroph, autotroph) 6. Describe the requirements preceding the origin of cells and life 7. Outline the major steps hypothesized to have occurred in the origin of cells and discuss which order might be correct (RNA first, DNA first, metabolism first, DNA/RNA/Protein) 8. Describe stromatolites and discuss their significance in the evolution of early cells 2

9. Describe the first cells and the transformation from an anaerobic to an aerobic environment 10. Compare and contrast the autogenesis (endomembranous) and serial endosymbiosis theories relating them to the evolution of eukaryotic cells and cellular organelles and discuss evidence that organelles arose from an endosymbiotic relationship with eubacteria 3

Chapter 18 Objectives: Introduction to Darwinian Evolution 1. Name several historical figures and describe their contribution to views on classification and evolution 2. Name and explain Darwin’s four premises of evolution by natural selection 3. Describe the modern synthesis and how it impacts views on evolution 4. Define the terms population, species, and evolution 4 ____ major evolutionary changes that occur over a long period of time resulting in large phenotypic changes such as the formation of new species ____ a group of individuals of the same species ____ a group of successfully interbreeding organisms that also produce fertile offspring ____ more-minor evolutionary changes that occur over just a few generations ____ remnants of structures that were present and functional in the ancestral organisms ____ organisms evolved similar characteristics as a result of exposure to similar environmental challenges (natural selection) ____ an explanation of evolution that incorporates many aspects of biology such as molecular genetics, phylogeny, natural selection, mutations, etc. A. Convergent Evolution B. Macroevolution C. Microevolution D. Modern Synthesis E. Population F. Species G. Vestigial Structure

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