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THE TULSA MASSACRE The Tulsa Massacre was a race riot that was started by white people who believed that a black man assaulted a white woman. The incident between the white woman Sarah Page and young black man Dick Rowland, added fuel to the fire of hate that the white Tulsans already had for the black Tulsans in the Greenville District of Tulsa. The white Tulsans hated the idea of the black Tulsans generating their own wealth and success with their black businesses and property ownership. The newspaper media instigated and started the riot by running an article about the incident between the Sarah Page and Dick Rowland without having all the facts. Sarah Page was not assaulted by Dick Rowland, in which she wrote a letter which acquitted Dick Rowland, but the accusation that was instigated by the media was enough for the white Tulsans to become so furious to the point of destroying property and killing black Tulsans of the Greenville District [ CITATION DeN21 \l 1033]. Today there is a pending lawsuit that the remaining survivors of the race riot are suing for reparations. It has taken over one hundred years for there to be a pending lawsuit for remaining survivors to be compensated from this event. The city and insurance companies never compensated the victims of the Tulsa Massacre [ CITATION Mil \l 1033]. The city nor the insurance companies never compensated the victims, yet the United States of America has the resources to supply funding to Ukraine in Ukraine’s defense against Russia [ CITATION Gar \l 1033]. Tulsa Massacre is believed to have been an outbreak of race riots started by white people who were angry that black people were gaining wealth and success after World War I [CITATION Moh22 \l 1033]. It is also believed that the Tulsa Massacre was started by a young white woman who lied about being assaulted by a young black man. Which caused white people to become angry and after the Sheriff declined to turn over the young black man to them so that they could lynch him, they began to murder innocent black people and destroy their homes and businesses [CITATION DeN21 \l 1033]. After reading multiple articles regarding this event generated my question as to who really started the Tulsa Massacre and how it began, as multiple readings displayed different perspectives as to what ignited the Tulsa Massacre. Those who suffered from the destruction of property and deaths that resulted from the Tulsa Massacre were never compensated and the parties responsible for the start of this event were never held accountable. It has been over one hundred years since the event took place and the remaining survivors have been fighting for years to be acknowledged and given reparations. A lawsuit was approved by the courts to move forward with only the survivors and not the descendants now that there are only a few remaining survivors. Oklahoma National Guard was called to aid the Sherriff’s office under martial law by arresting almost all the Greenwood’s residents. The black community of Greenwood was destroyed, not one level of government office presented sufficient resistance to prevent the destruction of the Greenwood neighborhood and businesses. Oklahoma National Guard’s involvement with the Tulsa Massacre was to maintain peace and restore order. The Sherriff’s office was overwhelmed with the race riot as the entire black community of the Greenwood District was being destroyed and the black residents were being killed by angry white residents of Tulsa. According to Elizabeth Mohn, after the civil war black people living in the United States had hope they could enjoy the same rights and freedoms as white people, but that was not the case. There were racist laws that limited black peoples’ civil rights. The white people in Tulsa, just as everywhere else in the country, would always display hostility to black people especially those who lived in the Greenwood District, otherwise known as Black Wall Street. White people of Tulsa would often exaggerate situations between them and black people for any reason to resort to violence. Which is exactly like what Sarah Page did when she claimed that Dick Rowland assaulted her, then later recanted her story after the destruction had already taken place. A lot of unknown history is missing from the Tulsa Massacre, but what is available seems to only tell the stories from the victims’ perspective. The resources available about the 1

event seems to be one sided presenting a bias perspective, as the remaining survivors’ stories and victims’ testimonies were told by the black residents. The victim’s testimony described how the Sherriff’s office provided little to no help to aid the black community from the angry white people who came in and murdered innocent black people and destroyed the black community’s property [ CITATION Oli23 \l 1033]. It appears that most of the documents and archives regarding the Tulsa Massacre was either removed or destroyed to cover up the event [ CITATION His18 \l 1033]. With being limited to only the black community’s perspective on what transpired and led up to the Tulsa Massacre, there are missing perspectives to this event and that is of the white residents and local officials. There are no easily accessible resources that give the white community’s perspective as to what transpired or led up to the Tulsa Massacre. Researching the Tulsa Massacre improved my understanding of the event and what led up to the event’s occurrence. The race riot was ignited by the media running an article without the knowing the facts of the incident between Sarah Page and Dick Rowland, which infuriated white Tulsans who believed the accusation to be fact resulting in the death and destruction of the black community of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Upon delving into the Tulsa Massacre has helped to obtain a clearer understanding as to what took place and led up to the event. Rather than taking information from hearsay or word of Skip to document of Tulsa would often exaggerate situations between them and black people for any reason to resort to violence. Which is exactly like what Sarah Page did when she claimed that Dick Rowland assaulted her, then later recanted her story after the destruction had already taken place. A lot of unknown history is missing from the Tulsa Massacre, but what is available seems to only tell the stories from the victims’ perspective. The resources available about the event seems to be one sided presenting a bias perspective, as the remaining survivors’ stories and victims’ testimonies were told by the black residents. The victim’s testimony described how the Sherriff’s office provided little to no help to aid the black community from the angry white people who came in and murdered innocent black people and destroyed the black community’s property [ CITATION Oli23 \l 1033]. It appears that most of the documents and archives regarding the Tulsa Massacre was either removed or destroyed to cover up the event [ CITATION His18 \l 1033]. With being limited to only the black community’s perspective on what transpired and led up to the Tulsa Massacre, there are missing perspectives to this event and that is of the white residents and local officials. There are no easily accessible resources that give the white community’s perspective as to what transpired or led up to the Tulsa Massacre. Researching the Tulsa Massacre improved my understanding of the event and what led up to the event’s occurrence. The race riot was ignited by the media running an article without the knowing the facts of the incident between Sarah Page and Dick Rowland, which infuriated white Tulsans who believed the accusation to be fact resulting in the death and destruction of the black community of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Upon delving into the Tulsa Massacre has helped to obtain a clearer understanding as to what took place and led up to the event. Rather than taking information from hearsay or word of mouth and looking into the facts of the situation has brought to my attention that at that present time the media ignited the race riot as it was ran and organized by white people. Becoming historically informed will assist in preventing events such as the Tulsa Massacre. Gathering and understanding the facts of situations help to resolve or deescalate said situations from becoming as rampant as the Tulsa Massacre. At the time of the Tulsa Massacre, those who participated in the destructions and murder of the black community in the Greenwood District did not seem to care about gathering facts, the black community was deemed guilty even after Sarah Page recanted the accusation of Dick Rowland assaulting her. It just goes to show how lack of factual information and the deep hatred embedded within the white community for the black community can cause years of racial unrest and injustice as no one was held accountable for this event, even one hundred years later. 2

References Brown, DeNeen L. 2021. His arrest sparked the Tulsa Race Massacre. Then Dick Rowland disappeared. May 30. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/05/30/dick-rowland-tulsa-massacre-sarah- page/.Editors , History.com. 2018. Tulsa Race Massacre. March 8. https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/tulsa-race-massacre.Fugate , T. 1919; 1920; 1921; 1922; 1923. “Part 1 Witness Testimony District Court State of Oklahoma v. John A. Gustafson, Attorney General Civil Case No. 1062.” Oklahoma Department of Libraries. https://digitalprairie.ok.gov/digital/collection/race-riot/id/1204/rec/1.Garamone , Jim. N.d. U.S. Announces $2.98 Billion in Aid to Ukraine. https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3138602/us-announces-298-billion-in-aid- to-ukraine/.Miller , Ken. N.d. Judge: Tulsa Race Massacre victims’ descendants can’t sue. https://apnews.com/article/lawsuits-race-and-ethnicity-tulsa-oklahoma-massacres- 61e4a271a584c40483e1ba0709699159.Mohn , Elizabeth. 2022. Tulsa race massacre. References Brown, DeNeen L. 2021. His arrest sparked the Tulsa Race Massacre. Then Dick Rowland disappeared. May 30. https://www.washingtonpos t.com/history/2021/05/30/di ck-rowland-tulsa-massacre- sarah-page/. 3

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