Week 8

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College of the Canyons *

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131

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History

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by MajorGazelle3521

Week 8 CHAPTER 12 : Cinema and the State: The USSR, Germany, and Italy ● USSR, Germany and Italy all had authoritarian governments ○ These governments used their respective film industries for propaganda ○ USSR nationalized the industry by seizing companies ○ Germany nationalized by slowly buying companies because the Nazi regime was pro-capitalism ○ Italian regime was more hands off but still propped up industry financially and actively censored 1930-1945 The Soviet Union: Socialist Realism and World War II ● Shumyatsky implemented the Doctrine of Realism into Soviet filmmaking Films of the Early 1930s ● Before the introduction of socialist realism, there were many films done more artfully such as “Happiness” and “Men and Jobs” The Doctrine of Socialist Realism ● In 1934 Socialist realism was introduced, asking filmmakers to not just represent objective Russian life in film, but to make films that depict a narrative of its revolutionary development under the Soviets The Main Genres of Socialist Realism

● The main genres were civil war films, biographical films, films about “average- joe” heroes, and socialist musicals The Soviet Cinema in Wartime ● In the late 30s, the Soviets made anti-Nazi films. This stopped when the USSR signed a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany ● Early war period was mostly “fighting film albums” ● Features about the war started getting released in 1942 The German Cinema under the Nazis ● Hitler blamed Germany’s issues on the Jews The Nazi Regime and the Film Industry ● Hitler and Goebbels loved film, watched films regularly, and were friends with many filmmakers ● In 1935 the Nazi’s banned all films made before 1933 with Jewish involvement Films of the Nazi Era ● Most films of the Nazi era were made solely for entertainment and contain little to to no overt Nazi propaganda The Aftermath of the Nazi Cinema ● Veit Harland was the only Nazi filmmaker charged and tried. It was hard to pin anything on the others, as they could easily argue that they were forced to make films or that their films weren’t meant to be propaganda. The majority were

blacklist in industries and some were even banned from filmmaking for periods of time Italy: Propaganda versus Entertainment ● Italian facsist regime wasn’t strong enough to take over film industry Industry Tendencies ● Luigi Freddi headed the General Direction of Cinema A Cinema of Distraction ● Before WW2, comedy and melodrama were the two most popular genres, and cinema was more for distraction and entertainment than propaganda A New Realism? ● Italian filmmakers seemed to lean towards a semi-documentary style of realism

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