Week 2 Assigment

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Rio Salado Community College *

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113

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History

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Political and Civil Rights in the 1920s for Native Americans and Women

Both Native Americans and women have been disadvantaged by a lack of political and civic rights. While women were permitted, Native Americans were displaced from their ancestral homeland owing to westward development and assigned to reservations. Women and Native Americans were not given the ability to exercise their constitutional rights and receive equal treatment because of their gender or minority status. Native Americans and women in the United States of America had numerous parallels and disparities that hampered their achievement, especially regarding voting rights, citizenship, and property ownership. Native Americans were evicted from their homes and denied the same political and civic rights as other Americans. During the 19th century, Americans moved westward, searching for wide-open spaces, which displaced Native Americans. Claiming the West for American colonization necessitated the expulsion of Native American tribes that had lived in the region for many centuries (2015). Through a series of treaties and accords, Native Americans of the Great Plains and Southwest surrendered their territory and were eventually moved to minor reservations. Native Americans considered themselves members of their nations (tribes) from the commencement of settlers entering the United States; they were not considered citizens of the United States. They were, nevertheless, granted limited sovereignty rights. Those who broke away from their countries, on the other hand, were often regarded as US citizens. "The federal government recognized their sovereignty in the Constitution and entered into treaties with Native nations until it discontinued the practice in 1871” (2020). In the 1830s, Cherokee decisions characterized them as "domestic dependent nations" with limited sovereignty rights. For a while, Native Americans who willingly split from their countries were considered US citizens. Still, the Supreme Court held in Elk v. Wilkins in 1884 that only an act of Congress could grant Indians US citizenship. The Nineteenth Amendment did not enfranchise nearly one-

third of all Native adults who were not citizens of the United States in 1920. Indigenous feminists urged newly enfranchised white women to confront "the Indian situation as it is today" after ratification (2020). The Indian Citizen Act of 1924 was a significant turning point in American history, finally acknowledging the significance and contributions of Native Americans to the fabric of the country." However, several states defied the judgment in 1924 and did not allow voting, particularly in the Southwest (2016). Hidden Citizens: The Courts and Native American voting rights in the Southwest While many of the barriers and limitations Native Americans faced were also faced by women. Women, like Native Americans, were denied the right to own property, vote, and enjoy many of the other rights and privileges listed in the Constitution. On the other hand, women were deemed US citizens upon arrival into the nation, unlike Native Americans. Women, like Native Americans, were granted the ability to vote in the 1920s, and they obtained several civic privileges that had previously been denied to them. Many of the industrial occupations were occupied by Americans from the southern states. Significant advances, such as the passing of the 19th Amendment, which was aimed at providing women the right to vote, were overshadowed by a cloud of mistrust (2015). However, this did not resolve all difficulties as a Native American and with gender inequity concerning males. Until the women's movement emerged in the 1960s, the Nineteenth Amendment appeared to signal the end of organized attempts to gain women full citizenship (2018). In terms of the persistent constraints and hurdles imposed by particular states' interpretation of laws and personal bigotry, this is analogous to Native Americans. Regardless of the constitutional amendments enacted to avoid injustice, there remained loopholes that reduced the impact on Native Americans and women. The Fifteenth Amendment states that the right of citizens of the United States to vote must not be denied or curtailed by the United States or any

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