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Annotated Bibliography for Women’s Roles in the American Revolution Keriann Lekoski HIUS512: American Revolution Professor Christopher Smith September 23, 2023

Project Overview This research paper will focus on investigating what roles women played during the Revolutionary War. It will begin with a brief overview of the American Revolution and its causes and effects. Women's contributions to maintaining households, managing finances, and supporting the war effort will be reviewed. Women's covert activities and contributions in gathering intelligence for the revolutionary cause will be discussed as well. Writings, correspondence, and political activities of influential women who shaped revolutionary discourse will be explored. The impact of women's involvement on post-revolutionary gender dynamics and early women's rights movements will be examined. The experiences and roles of women from various backgrounds, regions, and social classes. All of this research will be analyzed to determine what roles women played during the American Revolution. Anticipated Thesis Statement Throughout the American Revolution, women emerged as indispensable contributors to the revolutionary cause, often operating in unconventional and unheralded roles. Beyond the traditional confines of domesticity, women actively participated in shaping the outcome of the revolution by engaging as activists, nurses, spies, and essential supporters of the home front. These multifaceted contributions challenged prevailing gender norms, sparked conversations about women's rights and societal roles, and, ultimately, played a pivotal role in the broader socio-political changes that characterized the revolutionary era. This thesis seeks to explore the multifaceted ways in which women's involvement in the American Revolution helped redefine and transform traditional gender roles while significantly influencing the trajectory and ultimate success of the revolutionary movement.

Bibliography Berkin, Carol. “‘It Was I Who Did It’: Women’s Role in the Founding of the Nation.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum 86, no. 3 (July 15, 2006): 15–18. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=ofm&AN=504205039&site=ehost-live&scope=site . In her article, "‘It Was I Who Did It’: Women’s Role in the Founding of the Nation," published in the Phi Kappa Phi Forum in 2006, Carol Berkin examines the often overlooked and underappreciated contributions of women to the founding of the United States. Berkin argues that while history has predominantly focused on the accomplishments of men during the American Revolution and the establishment of the nation, women played a crucial and multifaceted role that deserves recognition. Berkin states several key aspects of women's involvement in the founding of the nation. She discusses women's participation in political and patriotic activities. Women were not merely passive observers but actively engaged in supporting the cause of independence through activities like boycotts, fundraising, and even espionage. Berkin also highlights the importance of women's roles in maintaining the home front. Women managed households, farms, and businesses while their husbands and sons were away at war, effectively ensuring the survival and stability of their communities. Berkin also acknowledges the role of women as propagators of political ideas. Women often hosted gatherings and salons where political discussions took place, contributing to the dissemination of revolutionary ideals. Lastly, Berkin highlights the post-revolutionary period when women, inspired by the principles of the revolution, began advocating for their own rights and political participation, setting the stage for the women's suffrage movement in the 19th and 20th centuries. Caldwell, Q. G., & ARMY SERGEANTS MAJOR ACADEMY FORT BLISS TX.

(2017). The Importance of Spies to Washington's Success. NCO Journal . In the article titled "The Importance of Spies to Washington's Success," authored by Q. G. Caldwell and published in the NCO Journal in 2017, the crucial role of intelligence and espionage in the success of George Washington and the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War is explored. The article highlights how intelligence gathering and the use of spies were instrumental in shaping the course of the war and ultimately contributed to the American victory. Caldwell emphasizes that Washington recognized early on the necessity of gathering accurate and timely information about British troop movements, strategies, and intentions. This information allowed him to make informed decisions and adapt his own strategies accordingly. To achieve this, Washington relied heavily on a network of spies and informants, many of whom were ordinary citizens willing to risk their lives for the cause of independence. The article also points out the challenges and risks faced by these spies, who often operated behind enemy lines and faced the constant threat of capture and execution. Despite these dangers, their contributions were invaluable in providing the Continental Army with crucial intelligence that influenced the outcomes of key battles. Additionally, the article looks at the role of non-commissioned officers (NCOs) in the intelligence efforts. NCOs played a vital role in recruiting and managing spies, ensuring the security of sensitive information, and facilitating communication between intelligence operatives and military leadership. Carretta, Vincent. Phillis Wheatley: biography of a genius in bondage . University of Georgia Press, 2011. "Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage" by Vincent Carretta, published in 2011 by the University of Georgia Press, offers a deep and insightful exploration of the life of Phillis Wheatley, an iconic figure in American literature and history. Wheatley, born in West

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