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Florida Topic 4 Quick Study Guide Go ONLINE for lesson summaries PearsonSchool.com/FloridaSS READING AUDIO GAMES LESSON SUMMARIES Use these Lesson Summaries, and the longer versions available online, to review the key ideas for each lesson in this Topic. Lesson 1: Progressives Drive Reform SS.912.A.1.4, SS.912.A.3.2, SS.912.A.3.8, SS.912.A.3.10, SS.912.A.3.12, SS.912.A.4.11 Progressivism rose in the 1890s to tackle problems brought by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Journalists helped pass laws ending child labor and ensuring worker safety. New laws also targeted political corruption and limited the power of business interests. Political practices such as the ballot initiative, the referendum and the recall were introduced. Lesson 2: Women Gain Rights SS.912.A.1.7, SS.912.A.3.8, SS.912.A.3.12, SS.912.A.5.7, SS.912.A.5.10, SS.912.A.7.5 In the early 1900s, the number of women attending college increased. Women fought for the right to vote and to own property. Some women campaigned against the consumption of alcohol, while others established charitable organizations. In several states, women’s groups used the referendum process to gain the right to vote. In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment extended the vote to women. Lesson 3: Striving for Equality SS.912.A.3.7, SS.912.A.3.8, SS.912.A.3.12, SS.912.A.5.7, SS.912.A.5.8, SS.912.A.5.10 The Progressive Era did not bring much progress for minorities and immigrants. However, African Americans continued to oppose segregation and discrimination, founding the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which fought for civil rights and the right to vote. Meanwhile, Jews formed the Anti-Defamation League to fight verbal attacks and false statements. Lesson 4: Reformers in the White House LA.1112.2.2.2, LA.1112.2.2.3, LAFS.1112.RH.1.2, LAFS.1112.WHST.3.9, SS.912.A.1.2, SS.912.A.1.4, SS.912.A.3.2, SS.912.A.3.4, SS.912.A.3.6, SS.912.A.3.9, SS.912.A.3.10, SS.912.A.3.12 Progressive reforms marked the presidencies of both Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. Roosevelt took on big business and extended federal protection of natural resources. The 1912 presidential election was won by Wilson, who believed the government should play an active role in the economy. Lesson 5: American Influence Grows SS.912.A.3.1, SS.912.A.3.4, SS.912.A.3.10, SS.912.A.4.1, SS.912.A.4.2, SS.912.G.2.1 During the late 1800s, the United States was emerging as a new power on the global stage, extending its economic, political, and military influence over weaker nations. A large naval force opened up Japan to American trade. The United States purchased Alaska and annexed Hawaii. Lesson 6: The Spanish-American War SS.912.A.4.1, SS.912.A.4.2, SS.912.A.4.3, SS.912.A.4.11, SS.912.G.1.3, SS.912.G.2.1 Cuban patriot José Martí launched a war for independence from Spain. After the American battleship USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, Congress declared war on Spain. Spanish troops in the Philippines and Cuba surrendered to the United States. However, in the Philippines, nationalists rebelled against U.S. rule. Lesson 7: The United States Emerges as a World Power SS.912.A.3.4, SS.912.A.4.1, SS.912.A.4.4, SS.912.G.1.3 By 1900, the United States was becoming more active internationally. The U.S. helped put down an uprising in China and negotiated and end to the Russo-Japanese War. In 1907, America sent a fleet of ships around the world as a display of power. The U.S. also built the Panama Canal.
VISUAL REVIEW Use these graphics to review some of the key terms, people, and ideas from this Topic. 1868–1878 First struggle for Cuban independence; Cubans flee to Florida. José Martí travels through Florida, raising money for Cuban rebels. 1895 Martí launches Cuban war for independence. 1898 USS Maine explodes in Havana harbor; U.S. declares war on Spain. U.S. sympathy for Cuban rebels grows. Florida and the Spanish-American War PROGRESSIVE GOALS End political corruption Grant voting rights to women Improve municipal services Limit abuses of big business Improve working conditions Provide social welfare GOVERNMENT REFORMS ELECTION REFORMS • Commission form of government • City managers • Trained administrators • City-owned public utilities • Direct primary • Initiative • Referendum • Recall Municipal Reforms Minorities Organize 1905 Niagara Movement formed 1909 NAACP organized 1911 Urban League founded 1913 Anti-Defamation League formed African Americans Jews PLM formed in Arizona Mutualistas formed in several states Mexican Americans 1911 Society of American Indians formed Native Americans Takao Ozawa fights law that blocks Asian Americans from becoming citizens. Asian Americans 259
Florida Topic 4 Assessment KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND IDEAS LAFS.1112.RH.2.4, SS.912.A.3.8, SS.912.A.3.12, SS.912.A.3.13, SS.912.A.4.1, SS.912.A.4.2, SS.912.A.4.3 1. How did the Social Gospel movement contribute to reform? 2. How did the settlement house improve the lives of the poor? 3. How did Progressives shape public policy? 4. Describe ways that women fought to gain the right to vote. 5. What role did Americanization play in the Progressive Movement? 6. Why was the Sixteenth Amendment introduced? 7. How did Alfred T. Mahan influence American expansionism? 8. What role did Florida play in the Spanish-American War? 9. Why did the United States acquire territories? CRITICAL THINKING LAFS.1112.RH.1.1, LAFS.1112.RH.1.2, MAFS.K12.MP.1.1, MAFS.K12.MP.3.1, MAFS.K12.MP.5.1, MAFS.K12.MP.6.1, SS.912.A.3.12, SS.912.A.3.13, SS.912.A.4.1, SS.912.A.4.2, SS.912.A.4.4 10. Compare and Contrast (a.) What were the similarities and differences between the goals of the Populist and the Progressive movements? (b.) Compare and contrast the kinds of voters who supported these parties. 11. Cite Evidence Cite evidence of women’s increasing confidence and freedom in the Progressive Era. 12. Draw Conclusions Why did so many Progressives ignore the plight of racial and ethnic minorities? 13. Make Generalizations (a.) Why were Theodore Roosevelt’s views on land use so controversial? (b.) How did these views reflect his Progressive politics? 14. Identify Cause and Effect Analyze the major factors that drove United States imperialism. 15. Draw Inferences What were the economic, military, and security motivations behind the building of the Panama Canal? 16. Analyze Maps Look at the map below. Why was Florida so strategically important during the Spanish-American War? (Use an appropriate tool to judge distances.) February 1898 USS Maine sunk F r o m S p a i n Havana Santiago Tampa Key West San Juan San Juan Hill Jamaica (Br.) Bahamas (Br.) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC HAITI UNITED STATES Puerto Rico Cuba ATLANTIC OCEAN Caribbean Sea KEY Spanish colonies U.S. forces Spanish forces U.S. naval blockade U.S. victory N E W S Miller Cylindrical Projection 200 mi 0 200 km 0 Spanish-American War: Securing Cuba 17. Writing Activity: Use Primary Sources Analyze this excerpt from an editorial written during the Filipino insurrection. What does it reveal about the attitudes and goals behind U.S. expansionism? Let us all be frank. WE DO NOT WANT THE FILIPINOS. WE WANT THE PHILIPPINES. . . . The islands are enormously rich; they abound in dense forests of valuable hardwood timber; they contain mines of the precious metals; their fertile lands will produce immense crops of sugar cane, rice and tobacco. Touched by the wands of American enterprise, fertilized with American capital, these islands would speedily become richer than Golconda was of old. But unfortunately, they are infested by Filipinos. There are many millions of them there, and it is to be feared that their extinction will be slow. —San Francisco Argonaut, 1902 260 TOPIC 4 America Comes of Age
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