Final Exam Review

.docx

School

Miami Dade College, Miami *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

2020

Subject

History

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

20

Uploaded by BaronSnakeMaster2213

Final Exam Review 1. What were methods used to disenfranchise African Americans in the Reconstruction South? Disenfranchisement was a series of laws, new constitutions, and practices used in the South during Reconstruction to prevent African Americans from registering to vote and voting. Following are some of the methods used to do so: Poll taxes : Most of the freedmen didn’t have enough money to spend on voting taxes, and had to choose between putting food on the table and voting. Literacy tests : The freedmen didn’t receive education while they were enslaved, thus most of them were illiterate and wouldn’t pass the literacy tests necessary to vote. White only primaries : Only whites were allowed to participate in the primary voting, therefore diminishing the effect on the minorities’ vote. Felony laws : Many policemen would arrest African American for an (allegedly) small felony. This would incapacitate felons from voting. The first state to abolish this law did so in 1996, and the last in 2008. Property requirements : The vast majority of the freedmen didn’t possess any properties; thus, a property requirement to vote would be an impeditive to most of them. The Grandfather Clause : you could not vote unless your grandfather had voted, an impossibility for most people whose ancestors were slaves. Domestic terrorism : White people would terrorize the lives of African Americans to prevent them from voting. They committed crimes such as burning the houses of the freedmen. 2. What were Jim Crow laws? What did they intend to accomplish? Jim Crow laws were a collection of state and local statutes created by white southerners to enforce racial segregation. They were meant to marginalize African Americans by denying them the right to vote, hold jobs, get an education, or other opportunities. Those who attempted to defy Jim Crow laws often faced arrest, fines, jail sentences, violence, and death.
The Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case legalized racial segregation across the country, after the Supreme Court ruled that it wasn’t unconstitutional as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality “Separate but equal.” 3. What were the Pacific Railway and Homestead Acts? How did they facilitate western expansion? The Pacific Railway Act was a law that offered government incentives to assist “men of talent, men of character, men who are willing to invest” in developing the nation’s first transcontinental rail line. The legislation provided government bonds to help fund the work, in addition to vast land grants. It was pivotal in helping settlers move west more quickly, as well as move their farm products, and later cattle and mining deposits, back east. The Homestead Act was a legislation that allowed any head of household, or individual over the age of twenty-one—including unmarried women—to receive a parcel of 160 acres for only a nominal filing fee. It encouraged migration to the west by providing “free soil.” 4. What was the Dawes Act of 1887? How did it help facilitate the destruction of tribal cultures? The Dawes Act of 1887 served the purpose of giving Indians a “half citizenship”, giving Indians ownership over private properties. The reservation lands of the tribe were broken up into small allotments each for one individual, since the ownership was of the individual rather than the tribe. Therefore, destroying the sense of community of the tribe. It also served the purpose of assimilating Native Americans into mainstream US society by encouraging them towards farming and agriculture. Destroyed the reservation system.
5. What methods were used to weaken Native American tribal cultures in the Western US in the late 19th Century? Forced education : indigenous children were compulsorily sent to American boarding schools. There, Indian children from speaking their native language, wearing their traditional clothes, or carrying out traditional activities. Thus, erasing their language, culture, and identity in an act of cultural genocide. Abolishment of the tribal system : The US government deprived the Indian tribes of their right to self-governance. Indian citizenship : American citizenship was fully imposed on the Indians. Native Americans who were identified as mixed-race had to give up their tribal status, and others were “de-tribalized.” The Dawes Act of 1887 . 6. What were the goals and intentions of the US Government in steering passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the US Constitution after the Civil War? The goals of the 14 th and 15 th Amendments were to guarantee full citizenship to African Americans Therefore, giving them the right to vote (suffrage) Pushed by the Radical Republicans, since most of the freedmen would vote for their political party.
7. Examine the move toward a reservation policy by the United States in the West after the Civil War through 1890. The Indian reservation system was created to keep Native Americans off of lands that European Americans wished to settle. Allowed indigenous people to govern themselves and maintain some of their cultural and social traditions. Native Americans on the reservations suffered from poverty, malnutrition, low standards of living, and rates of economic development. Many Indians were reallocated to reservations in Oklahoma. Prior to the reservation system, the approach towards Indians was removal. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 institutionalized the practice of forcing Native Americans off of their ancestral lands to make way for European settlement. The US government forcibly relocated the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) to territories that would become the states of Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma This battle of removal became known as the Trail of Tears 8. Who were the Radical Republicans? What were their social and political goals regarding the American South after the Civil War? They were a faction within the Republican Party. They were committed to the emancipation of the slaves and later to the equal treatment and enfranchisement of the freed blacks. African American suffrage was beneficial to them since most of the freedmen would vote Republican. 9. What were some major reasons American settlers went West in the mid to late 19th century? Free land (Homestead Act).
Mainly used for ranching and farming. Gold rush and mining opportunities. Avoid persecution (Mormons and other groups) 10. Examine the process in which railroad builders linked the first US transcontinental railroad at Promontory Point in 1869. The transcontinental railroad was built in six years almost entirely by hand. The workers included Irish and German immigrants, former Union and Confederate soldiers, freed slaves, and especially Chinese immigrants. At one point, 8,000 of the 10,000 men toiling for the Central Pacific were Chinese. Workers drove spikes into mountains, filled the holes with black powder, and blasted through the rock inch by inch. The railroad was officially completed in 1869, in Promontory Summit (Salt Lake City, Utah) 11. What was the Compromise of 1877? How did it happen—and how did it affect the American South? The Compromise of 1877 was an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election. The Democrat candidate won the public vote but lost the election by one electoral vote. The Democrats agreed that Rutherford B. Hayes would become president in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the granting of home rule in the South. This compromise officially ended the Reconstruction Era, and permitted segregation to take place (Jim Crow Laws). 12. What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
The first significant law restricting immigration into the United States This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States Due to many Americans on the West Coast attributing declining wages and economic ills to Chinese workers. 13. What did Andrew Carnegie propose for wealthy Americans in the Gospel of Wealth? In the Gospel of Wealth, Andrew Carnegie proposed that wealthy Americans are responsible for using their wealth for the greater good of society. He suggested that the rich should distribute their wealth in ways that promote social progress, including through philanthropy and supporting educational and cultural institutions 14. In the late 19th century, immigrants in the US increasingly came from which parts of Europe? Immigrants to the US in the late 19th century came from southern and eastern Europe, especially Italy and the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. 15. How did American governments promote laissez-faire domestic economic policies in the late 19th century? American governments promoted laissez-faire domestic economic policies in the late 19th century by limiting government intervention in business and commerce, promoting competition, and advocating for free trade. 16. Examine the rise of the middle classes and the changing role of women in American society resulting from industrialization. Industrialization led to the rise of the middle class and changing roles for women in American society. Women increasingly entered the workforce and gained greater independence, while the middle class grew due to increased job opportunities and rising incomes 17. Who were the wealthiest men in America in the late 19th century?
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help