APUSH Period 2
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Stony Brook University *
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Apr 3, 2024
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Period 2: 1607-1754
Colonial America, Jamestown, Plymouth, and Colonial Life in the 17
th
and 18
th
Centuries
The next period is largely focused on European Exploration and settlement. The beginning date is the founding of Jamestown with the end date is the start of the French and Indian War. The European countries that settled the New World did so for very different reasons. They were often in direct competition with one another because of
mercantilism.The Spanish controlled the largest amount of territory in the New World. They were primarily looking
for precious metals like gold and silver. The Spanish used the encomienda system and slave labor to force American
Indians to gather these materials. The French and the Dutch took a very different approach to the population of
the New World. They created alliances with Native Americans to develop trade networks. The English decided to send migrants to the New World to establish colonies. Some colonists wanted to make money, while others were escaping religious persecution. English colonies were very different from one another. Some colonies, especially in New England, were organized around farming communities. Others, especially those in the south, were based around cash crops and export economies.
Directions:
1.
Watch the videos below and list 4 key concepts of the time period.
A Norris Review Period 2
Gilderlehrman Review
Heimler’s History Review
Key Concepts
1)
Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different goals that impacted the economic, political, and
cultural development of their colonies and shaped colonizers’ interactions with American Indian populations.
2)
Conflict arose due to competition for resources among European rivals, and between the Europeans and American Indians. Examples of American Indian resistance to colonizers were the Pueblo Revolt, the Pequot War, and King Philip’s War.
3)
Early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast with some regional differences. New England colonies were settled by the Puritans, who lived in small towns. The middle colonies were characterized by the export of cash crops, less social rigidity, and more religious tolerance. The southern colonies developed a plantation-based economy.
4)
The African slave trade grew extensively throughout the eighteenth century. The trading of slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between Africa, the Americas, and Europe became known as Triangular Trade.
5)
England used its colonies to obtain raw materials for its own manufacturing purposes and wealth creation. There were, consequently, early examples of colonial resentment and resistance. From Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 to the Great Awakening starting in the 1730s, the colonists begin to carve out a distinct American identity.
1.
The excerpts from Anne Hutchinson best represent which of the following developments
in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s?
(A) Growing challenges by dissenters to civil authorities
(B) Efforts to raise the level of education for young girls and women
(C) Growing disagreement over the expansion of legal rights in the colonial charter
(D) Efforts by colonial women to establish independent communities separate from men
2.
The ideas expressed in the excerpts have the most in common with which of the following?
(A) The Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, when African American women asserted their right to vote in federal elections
(B) The flapper culture of the 1920s, when women challenged gender roles through dress
(C) The women’s liberation movement of the 1970s, when women sought to achieve gender equality in the workplace
(D) The antislavery movement of the 1840s, when women asserted their right to speak on behalf of the cause
Anne Hutchinson, 1630s
3.
The emphasis on personal salvation, which Hutchinson articulated in the 1630s, was most strongly echoed in which later movement?
(A) Second Great Awakening in the 1830s
(B) Social Gospel in the 1890s
(C) Anticommunism in the 1950s
(D) New conservatism in the 1980s
4.
The confederacy formed to “exasperate the Indians against the English” was motivated primarily by which of the following?
(A) Fraudulent trade deals between the leaders of Plymouth Colony and the Wampanoags
(B) Dispossession of Wampanoag land and threats to their sovereignty
(C) Forced religious conversion of Wampanoags by Puritan missionaries
(D) Intermarriage with the English, which threatened Wampanoag cultural independence
5.
Which of the following best characterizes relations between the English and American Indians in New England following Metacom’s War?
(A) Peaceful accommodation between both groups
(B) Religious freedom for the English and American Indians
(C) Dramatic decline and dispersion of the American Indian population
(D) Recognition of American Indian property and land rights
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6.
Compared with French and Spanish interactions with American Indians, English interaction with American Indians more often promoted
(A) respect for political alliances
(B) cultural blending
(C) separation between the groups
(D) assimilation of Americans Indians into colonial societies
Key Terms
Jamestown
Mayflower Compact
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans
John Winthrop
Virginia House of Burgesses
Maryland Toleration Act
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
William Penn
Headright System
Bacon’s Rebellion
Indentured Servant
Halfway Covenant
Mercantilism
New England Town Meetings
Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards
George Whitefield
John Peter Zenger
SAQ:
1. Answer (a), (b), and (c).
a) Briefly explain ONE important similarity between the British colonies in the Chesapeake region and the British colonies in New England in the period from 1607 to 1754. b) Briefly explain ONE important difference between the British colonies in the Chesapeake region and the British colonies in New England in the period from 1607 to 1754. c) Briefly explain ONE factor that accounts for the difference that you indicated in (b). Long Free Response Samples:
1)
Analyze the origins and development of slavery in Britain’s North American colonies in the period 1607 to 1776
2)
Analyze the extent to which the British policy of salutary neglect(colonies are so away geographical that the british government has hands off policy towards them) influenced the development of the following:
i.
Legislative assemblies
ii.
Commerce iii.
Religion iv.
Political self government
3)
Compare the way in which religion influenced the development of the following regions:
i.
New England
ii.
Chesapeake
iii.
Middle Atlantic