Kareli Rodriguez-Rodriguez - Reform Movements Crash Course 15 - 8080974

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Apr 3, 2024

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Reform Movements: Crash Course #15 1. What was one response to the massive changes brought about by industrialism? Describe the Shakers One response to the massive changes brought by the industrial market economy was to create utopian communities where people could separate themselves from the worst aspects of the world. At the time the most famous Utopian society were the Shakers who were famous for their excellent furniture. They were celibate and due to that they were only able to increase their numbers by recruitment which was made di±cult by celibacy. They did a lot of dancing to satisfy their urges and they embraced equality of the sexes and at their peak had more than 6k members. Still one of the most successful Utopian societies. 2. What was the most successful Utopia in the long run? What were their ideas? In the long run the Latter Day Saints or Mormons, were very successful. At the time their ideas were not mainstream and they were persecuted and chased to Utah. They had a Bible and also the Book of Mormon as holy scripture, this tells the story of resurrected Jesus’s visits to the Americas. They still exist today. 3. Who founded Brook Farm, and why wasn’t it successful? Brook Farm was founded in 1841 by a group of transcendentalists. Brook Farms tried to show that manual labor and intellectual engagement could be successfully mixed. They drew on the ideas of French Socialists. Brook Farms didn’t work out because writers did not like farming. 4. Explain the impact of the revival meetings led by Charles Grandison Finney and the Second Great Awakening. (Historical Thinking Skill: Causation) The series of revival meetings reached their heights in the 1820’s and 1830s with Charles Grandison Finney’s giant camp meetings in New York. The second great awakening made America a Christian nation since the number of Christian ministers drastically increased. The Awakening stressed individual choice in salvation and personal relationship with Jesus Christ and it was influenced by the market revolution. Many preachers criticized selfish individualism in the free market competition and there was a new market for new religions and preachers. They preached the values of sobriety, industry and self discipline and led to the impulse for reform. 5. What three points does John Green make about the nature of the 19th-century reform movements? 1. It “new” religions were Protestant, which mean they wouldn’t appeal to immigrants from Ireland and Germany since they were most mostly Catholic 2. Many reformers believed in perfectionism, the idea that individuals and society were capable of unlimited improvement
3. Many reform movements were based on a di²erent view of freedom than we’re used to. Freedom was the opposite of being able to do what you wanted and thought true freedom came from self discipline and practice of self-control 6. Which 19th-century reformer came up with “common schools” ? Describe them Horace Mann came up with common schools. Common schools were compulsory state-funded places of education. The hope was to teach kids moral character and body of knowledge so they could be educated. All Northern states had public schools. 7. What did the American Colonization Society hope to do with former slaves? The American Colonization Society’s idea was to ship all former slaves back to Africa and the American Colonization Society became popular and wealthy enough to establish Liberia as an independent homeland for former slaves. 8. Why did radical abolitionism become a movement? Why were they radical? (Historical Thinking Skill: Change & Continuity) Radical abolitionism became a movement because it used the same mix of pamphleteering and charismatic speechifying that people saw in the preachers of the 2nd Great Awakening which brought religion and abolition together in the North, preaching that Slavery is a sin. They were radical because of their inclusive vision of freedom, not just about ending slavery, but equality. 9. What did the “gag rule” do? The “gag rule” prohibited the members of congress from even reading aloud or discussing calls for emancipation of slaves 10. Describe important abolitionists and their ideas. (include the mystery document) Federick Douglass: A former slave who was a writer. He wrote about the experience as a slave. David Walker: admired the Haitian Revolution. They were eloquent spokesmen for the ideal of equal citizenship in the US for black and white people. The sophistication and elegance of the black abolitionists arguments became one of the strongest arguments for abolition.
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