Truman_Homework (2)
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Virginia Commonwealth University *
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Jan 9, 2024
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Truman Homework
These two readings assist you in the ability to discuss Truman’s policy of containment in Latin America while he was the President. Please answer in red font.
Read the Truman and Latin America PDF and answer the following questions.
1.
What was the Act of Chapultepec?
The Act of Chapultepec guaranteed each nation’s national sovereignty and diplomatic equality.
2.
What was the impact of the Rio Treaty?
This moved the western hemisphere towards cooperation with a shared anti-
communism view. As a result, many South American countries moved away from communism. Specifically, Brazil, Chile, and Cuba banned communist organizations and cut ties with the Soviet Union.
3.
What did Narciso Bassols Garcia say about the Rio Treaty?
He did not like that the treaty made Latin American countries “compulsory automatic allies of the United States”. 4.
What was the focus on US foreign policy towards Latin America in 1948?
The sole focus was defense. The developed the OAS, similar to NATO. 5.
Who was Jose Eliecer Gaitan?
He was the leader of the Liberal Party who was assassinated during protests. The US believed that communist instigators were behind the riot.
6.
What was the Point IV program? How was it applied in Latin America?
This was a program developed by Truman to provide scientific technical assistance and monetary aid to developing nations. It was focused on Europe so Latin America did not receive much economic support.
7.
What did Mr. Y claim?
Mr. Y claimed that the administration was at fault for the lack of support in Latin America.
8.
What was the purpose of the Mutual Security on 1951? How did it demonstrate that the United States did not fully understand the need for economic assistance in Latin America?
This law provided 38 million dollars of military assistance to Latin America. It showed that the United States continued hemispheric support for Cold War policies instead of providing economic assistance. 9.
What happened in Bolivia and how did it influence NSC 141?
There was an uprising in Bolivia to empower a left-leaning government. The US withheld recognition. It influenced NSC 141 because it made the focus of the US in Latin America to seek order and political stability.
Read the Truman Doctrine and Latin America PDF and answer the following questions. 10.Describe how the US foreign policy goals after the Second World War diverged from those of the Latin American nations.
Latin American nations sought economic and technological aid so they could industrialize and diversify their economies. The US had a strictly anti-
communism goal. 11.What is the significance of the Rio Conference?
This conference resulted in the Rio Treaty. The US was successful in its defense goals with the idea of collective security. Latin American countries thought if they complied with the interests of the US, they too would be successful with their goals. They were disappointed when this wasn’t the case.
12.Describe the OAS.
The OAS was the Organization of American States. It laid down the framework
for cooperation in Latin America for military strategy. It was successful in addressing the goal of anti-communism. 13.What did the CIA say about the state of affairs in Latin America?
The CIA said that political instability in Latin America stood in the way of achieving US interests. 14.Describe Point IV.
This was a program developed by Truman to provide scientific technical assistance and monetary aid to developing nations. Although it flattered Latin
America into thinking they were the focus, they were grouped with Asia and Africa. Latin America did not receive much economic aid and this led to anti-
America sentiment in the region. 15.How did Latin America feel about the amount of American aid given to Europe
and Japan?
They were upset because they felt that they deserved more economic support. They felt that the United States did not understand the crisis in their region. 16.What is the significance of Louis Joseph Halle?
He was a State Department official that criticized the Truman administration for lack of economic support in Latin America. 17.What did the ECLA decide about Latin American poverty?
The ECLA decided that Latin American poverty occurred because their perceived role was to supply raw materials to industrial nations that made more profitable manufactured goods.
Released IB Prompt
Examine the application of Truman’s policy of containment in
Latin America.
Sample Outline
I.
Introduction
A.
Cold War and containment
B.
History of America intervention in Latin America
C.
The application of containment in Latin America
D. Thesis
II.
Post World War II
A.
Start of Cold War in Europe
B.
Latin American needs and the goals of the United States
C.
Conferences and Organizations
III.
Assistance
A.
Marshall Plan and the lack of assistance in Latin America
B.
Point IV
IV.
World events
A.
Post World-War II Europe (Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, etc.)
B. China
C. Korea
D.
Impact on US policy in Latin America
V.
Later examples A.
The New Look and Guatemala
B. Cuba
C.
Alliance for Progress
D. Chile
E.
1980s
Note: This outline utilized the above readings and this Loom: https://
www.loom.com/share/1c36aff7d1b542bf91120cf591f7e0b9
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Part V reflects information we will cover later and could be relevant for this question.