African American History Study Guide (1) (2)

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African American History Study Guide William M. Raines Semester 1 - 2022 Unit 1: Ancient Africa, The Kingdoms  West African Kingdoms 1. What were the major kingdoms of ancient Africa and what led to their rise and fall? 2. What impact did the interaction among West African Kingdoms and the world have on the culture and traditions in Africa? 3. What was the most significant factor in the development of early societies in West Africa? 4. To what extent did trans-Saharan trade lead to Ghana's wealth and success? 5. What role did leadership play in the rise and fall of the West African Kingdoms? 6. How did trans-Saharan trade impact the history of West Africa?  East African City-States 1. What behaviors, language(s), and ways of living were representative of East African culture? 2. What effects did trade and technological and scientific advances have on the culture of Africa? 3. How did foreign influences on the people and trade of the East African city-states? 4. How did the location of the East African city-states impact their culture? 5. What similarities and differences can you find between your culture and East African culture? 6. What were some of the effects of East African trade on different cultural groups?  Cultural Contributions of African Societies 1. What impact did early African civilizations have on African, Western and Mediterranean societies? 2. What artistic contributions did ancient Africa pass along to other cultures? 3. How did the diversity of natural resources affect the contributions made by various Ancient African societies? 4. What are some examples of the impact of Ancient African culture that can be found in our present-day society? 5. What cultural and religious contributions have ancient African civilizations made to modern civilizations? 6. What impact did Ancient African societies have on the culture of other peoples? Unit 2: Slavery, From Africa to America  Slavery, From Africa to America 1. Why was the practice of slavery accepted by societies in Africa, Europe and the Americas and what changes caused the practice of slavery to become undesirable in modern societies? 2. How did warfare and existing slavery in Africa contribute to the rise of American slavery? 3. What role did Africans play in the slave trade with Europeans? 4. Do you think the Atlantic slave trade would have developed if slavery did not exist in Africa? Why or why not? 5. How was the practice of slavery in Africa and other parts of the world similar to and different from slavery in America? 6. Slavery has a long history in Africa. What were the different ways in which it was practiced in African societies?

7. In what sense(s) are black Americans a "diasporic" people?  Slavery in the Colonies 1. How were the experiences of free Blacks similar to the experiences of slaves? How were the experiences different? 2. What impact did slavery have on both sides of the American Revolution? 3. Why do you think free African Americans remained in the American colonies? 4. Why would free African Americans fight in the Revolutionary War on the side of the British or on the side of the Americans? 5. How did slavery affect Black families physically, psychologically)? 6. What was the role of African Americans in the War for Independence? How did their choices in this conflict affect how the war was fought?  Resistance to Slavery 1. In what ways did enslaved Africans and or African Americans resist slavery? 2. How did the Underground Railroad inspire enslaved African Americans to seek freedom? 3. What factors contributed to the success or failure of African slaves’ efforts to resist slavery? 4. Why would slave owners impose death as punishment for resistance even though slaves were considered to be valuable property? 5. How far should people go for freedom and equality? 6. If you were a slave in the 1800s, would you have tried to escape via the Underground Railroad? Why or why not? 7. What is the Underground Railroad’s historical legacy for the United States? 8. How did the actions of Gabriel Prosser, Denmark Vesey, Nat Turner, David Walker and the slaves aboard the Amistad resonate throughout the country? 9. How did individual slaves' circumstances (age, gender, location, skill level) make it more or less difficult to defy their masters or attempt escape? Unit 3: Slavery and the Civil War  Spread of Slavery 1. How did the invention of the cotton gin impact the spread of slavery in America? 2. To what extent was slavery a cause of the Civil War? 3. What are the circumstances surrounding the Dred Scott case and what impact did the Dred Scott decision have on the United States? 4. How did the spread of slavery become a political issue in America? 5. What impact did America’s territorial expansion have on slavery? 6. What is the significance of the Dred Scott case? 7. Why was cotton cultivation central to the expansion of slavery? 8. Why did the invention of the cotton gin lead to an increase in demand for slaves? 9. What were the implications of the Dred Scott decision regarding the status of free African Americans and the future of slavery in the United States?  The Abolitionist Movement 1. How did the roles of both white and African American abolitionists affect the fight to end slavery? 2. Who were some of the influential opponents and defenders of American slavery and what did they do to help or hinder the abolitionist movement? 3. How was the Underground Railroad used as a means to reach the abolitionists' goal?

4. What were the leading arguments for and against slavery in the United States? 5. What do you believe was the most persuasive strategy/and or argument used by abolitionists? Explain your answer. 6. How did Gabriel Prosser, Denmark Vesey, Nat Turner influence the northern abolitionist movement? 7. How did the abolitionist movement become more aggressive during the 1840s and 1850s? 8. How did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 impact the Underground Railroad?  Slavery and the Civil War 1. How did events and legislation contribute to the sectionalism leading up to the Civil War? 2. What was the main purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? 3. What were the roles of African Americans, both free and enslaved, during the Civil War? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact the institution of slavery in America? 5. What contributions did African Americans make to the Civil War? 6. What were the long-term social causes and the effects of the Civil War? 7. How did the debate over slavery contribute to the outbreak of the Civil War? Unit 4: Freedom Deferred  Black Codes vs. the U.S. Constitution 1. What rights did African Americans obtain with the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments? 2. How did states and local governments both legally and illegally strip away the rights of African Americans during Reconstruction and beyond? 3. How and why were African Americans denied the rights they had been granted with the passage of the Reconstruction Amendments? 4. Why was the 15th Amendment necessary? 5. How were the Black Codes related to the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?  African American Accomplishments During Reconstruction 1. What accomplishments did African Americans make during Reconstruction? 2. How did significant people or groups including those from Florida influence Reconstruction? 3. What role did the Freedmen’s Bureau play in helping African Americans advance socially, politically, academically, and economically during Reconstruction? 4. Were African Americans free during Reconstruction? Explain your answer. 5. Did Reconstruction help African Americans? Explain your answer. 6. What did black political leaders accomplish during Reconstruction? What contributed to their successes? 7. How successful was the Freedmen's Bureau in assisting previously enslaved African Americans to live in freedom? Cite specific evidence to support your answer.  Failure of Reconstruction 1. How were the institution of slavery and the sharecropping system and debt peonage that developed during Reconstruction similar and different? 2. What events took place that led to the end of the Reconstruction Era? 3. Why did Reconstruction efforts fail? 4. How did the establishment of a Jim Crow South affect African Americans socially, politically, and economically?

5. How did the sharecropping system become a means of tying African Americans to white landowners? 6. What were the successes and failures of the Reconstruction Era? 7. How did the failures of Reconstruction continue to have an impact on the African American community and civil rights, even into the 21st century? 8. What did black political leaders fail to accomplish during Reconstruction? What contributed to their failures? 9. Should we judge Reconstruction on its initial promise or its ultimate failure? Why? What is your assessment of this period? Unit 5: Impact of African Americans at the Turn of the 20th Century  Jim Crow vs The U.S. Constitution 1. How did the Plessy v. Ferguson decision impact African Americans? 2. How was the legal system used to deny African Americans equality 3. How did Jim Crow Laws affect African Americans living in the South? 4. In what ways did the Plessy v. Ferguson decision lead to more unjust laws and discrimination? 5. How were the lives of African Americans living in the South during the Jim Crow Era similar to the lives of African Americans living in the North? How were they different? 6. In what ways were the rights gained by African Americans during Reconstruction curtailed during the Jim Crow Era? 7. Why were Southern governments able to pass, enforce, and have Jim Crow legislation remain in place for decades although these laws violated the 14 th and 15 th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution?  The Great Migration 1. What conditions in the South prompted African Americans to migrate to the North, Mid-west and West coast at the turn of the 20th century? 2. What is the relationship between the Industrial Revolution in America and the beginning of the Great Migration? 3. What may have people left behind in the migration from Africa and the Great Migration? 4. What changes in technology, society and world events prompted the” Great Migration of African Americans” to the North? Do you think the Great Migration would have taken place if these factors did not exist? Explain your answer. 5. Why did the Great Migration attract both national attention and southern concern? Why didn't this migration begin earlier or later? Why did migrants decide to leave or stay?  African Americans Challenge the Status Quo 1. What were the different views among African Americans for achieving equality in America? 2. How did the strategies promoted by Booker T. Washington differ from those of W.E.B. Du Bois and the NAACP? Which were more effective? Explain. 3. In what ways were the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) of Marcus Garvey and the philosophy of Booker T. Washington related to one another? 4. How did middle-class and prosperous black people try to contribute to progress for race their race? Were their efforts effective? Why or why not? 5. What were the similarities and differences in ideas among African Americans for achieving racial equality in America?

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