AP World History_ Unit 5 Study Guide

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Unit 5: Revolutions Study Guide C. 1750 - 1900 Topic 5.1 The Enlightenment Learning Objective Explain the intellectual and ideological context in which revolutions swept the Atlantic world from 1750 to 1900. Historical Developments Enlightenment philosophies applied new ways of understanding and empiricist approaches to both the natural world and human relationships; they also reexamined the role that religion played in public life and emphasized the importance of reason. Philosophers developed new political ideas about the individual, natural rights , and the social contract. The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments. Nationalism also became a major force shaping the historical development of states and empires. 1. Explain the ideas of the Enlightenment. It was this idea that humans could discover the truths of things, and by doing that they can also improve our lives. They can also discover the political, and regional aspects of life. Citation: https://www.britannica.com/event/Enlightenment-European-history 2. How were these ideas considered changes from previous philosophies/mindsets? The changes are that the government had open jobs, so that the people can work for the government and the government could also control them. Citation: https://blocked.goguardian.com 3. What factors facilitated the spread of Enlightenment ideals within and outside of Europe? The factors are people used varieties of methods spreading Enlightenment ideas outside of Europe like newspapers, pamphlets, and the printing-press. Citation: https://www.cbsd.org/cms/lib010/PA01916442/Centricity/Domain/1864/The %20Spread%20of%20Enlightenment%20Ideas.pdf 4. Explain natural rights. Natural rights is with you your entire life which cannot be taken away from any other humans. 5. Explain the social contract. It was like a paper that would say people could now live together in society while establishing important rules. Citation: https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/social-contract- theory#:~:text=Social%20contract%20theory%20says%20that, and%20political%20rules %20of%20behavior . 6. Explain nationalism and how it will later play an important role in the political
revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is when you unity cultures, and language together, so that the people can unity. German revolution because the German leader is uniting all the people under his control and in cultures. Learning Objective Explain how the Enlightenment affected societies over time. Historical Developments Enlightenment ideas and religious ideals influenced various reform movements. These reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights, as seen in expanded suffrage , the abolition of slavery , and the end of serfdom . Demands for women’s suffrage and an emergent feminism challenged political and gender hierarchies. Demands: ● Mary Wollstonecraft’ s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman ● Olympe de Gouges’s Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen ● Seneca Falls Conference (1848) organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott 7. How did the Enlightenment lead to social changes during the 1750-1900 time period? Enlightenment ideas came from revolts and women rights, and with all that it also ended slavery in the 19th century, I believe. Citation: https://www.freeman-pedia.com/modern-1750-1900#:~:text=Enlightenment %20ideas%20influenced%20various%20reform,as%20their%20ideas%20were %20implemented . 8. Explain the origins of feminism in this time period. This took place in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, where people were very crowded like in a city, and the main goal was to given women natural rights. Citation: https://www.pacificu.edu/magazine/four-waves-feminism#:~: text=The%20first %20wave%20of%20feminism , with%20a%20focus%20on%20suffrage . 9. What is suffrage? It was a name of a movement that gave women natural rights. 10.How did Mary Wollstoncraft and Olympe de Gouge serve as early feminists? They both were fighting for women rights because they believed that women should not be treated as property. Citation: https://blocked.goguardian.com Topic 5.2 Nationalism and Revolutions in the Period from 1750 to 1900 Learning Objective Explain causes and effects of the various revolutions in the period Historical Developments People around the world developed a new sense of commonality based on language, religion, social customs, Causes of American Revolution Effects of American Revolution
from 1750 to 1900. and territory. This was sometimes harnessed by governments to foster a sense of unity. The 18th century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments, leading to the establishment of new nation-states around the world. Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of systems of government and various ideologies, including democracy and 19th- century liberalism . Colonial subjects in the Americas led a series of rebellions inspired by democratic ideals. The American Revolution , and its successful establishment of a republic, the United States of America, was a model and inspiration for a number of the revolutions that followed. The American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution , and the Latin American independence movements facilitated the emergence of independent states in the Americas. The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers, as reflected in revolutionary documents— including the American Declaration of Independence during the American Revolution, the French “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” during the French Revolution, and Bolívar’s “Letter from Jamaica” on the eve of the Latin American revolutions— influenced resistance to existing political authority, often in pursuit of independence and democratic ideals Newly imagined national communities often linked this new national identity with borders of the state, and in some cases, nationalists challenged boundaries or sought unification of fragmented regions. Call for national unification or 10. The British was controlling the Americans by doing horrible things, and making the prices way too high. Also, there were no natural rights that Americans had. 11. The Americans gained their natural rights, and the British were not controlling them now. Causes of French Revolution Effects of French Revolution 12. The three Estates were not being represented equally. 13. Their government type was monarchy and that fell. Also, as that was happening, there was a rise in the middle- class. Causes of Haitian Revolution Effects of Haitian Revolution 14. The slaves owners did not treat slaves well by doing horrible torturing methods on them. Also, the slaves didn’t have natural rights. 15. The horrible methods stoped that were being treated on slaves. Also, the slaves got their natural rights. Causes of Latin American Revolutions Effects of Latin American Revolutions 16. The crealez do not get equal representation as the other class. Crealez also feels that they are being screwed over while trading in the Spanish Empire. 17. The creation of nationalism. 18.Define 19th century liberalism and its effect on revolutions in this time period. It was when the government kept their hands off the laws or rules if necessary. The government can get involved if something goes wrong. Also, this means that they would
liberation: ● Propaganda Movement in the Philippines ● Maori nationalism and the New Zealand wars in New Zealand ● Puerto Rico—writings of Lola Rodríguez de Tió ● German and Italian unifications ● Balkan nationalisms ● Ottomanism have to spend less on armies, and churches. Citation: https://quizlet.com/590097518/unit-5-ap-final-review-ap-world-history-unit-5- revolutions-flash-cards/ 19.Describe the Enlightenment documents that influence resistance to existing political authority in this time period. The Declaration of Independence, and the Declaration of Rights of Man gave people their natural rights, so they can live freely and improve their lives. Citation: https://quizlet.com/590097518/unit-5-ap-final-review-ap-world-history-unit-5- revolutions-flash-cards/ 20.Explain the unification of Germany. Germans united because they think that they would create a more powerful army while creating their own constitution. They also created a government (Communism) where there would be only one leader and the people would have to follow them without any questions. Citation: https://quizlet.com/590097518/unit-5-ap-final-review-ap-world-history-unit-5- revolutions-flash-cards/ Topic 5.3 Industrial Revolution Begins Learning Objective Explain how environmental factors contributed to industrialization from 1750 to 1900. Historical Developments A variety of factors contributed to the growth of industrial production and eventually resulted in the Industrial Revolution, including: ● Proximity to waterways; access to rivers and canals ● Geographical distribution of coal, iron, and timber ● Urbanization ● Improved agricultural productivity ● Access to foreign resources ● Accumulation of capital The development of the factory system concentrated production in a single location and led to an 21.How did environmental factors contribute to the start of the Industrial Revolution around 1750? When the factories were built, cities and towns were also built close to the factory, and this caused many people to move into cities because they had to work in the factories as they see this as a job. This is also called urbanization. Citation: https://quizlet.com/590097518/unit-5-ap-final-review-ap-world-history-unit-5- revolutions-flash-cards/ 22.Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why did it begin there? The industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because they had an unlimited amount of cola which fueled trains, and lumber. 23.Explain how the factory system was different from the previously used cottage industries.
increasing degree of specialization of labor . UIn the cottage system you had to make the entire product by yourself which made you special, but as factories were introduced everything went downhill like you are not special, and the factories owners could easily replace you with low wages. People lives only got worse when the factory system was introduced. 24.How did specialization of labor increase industrial production? This led to one person doing that task over and over again which made production line must faster, which led to that product being mass produced, and a cheap variety of goods. Citation: https://quizlet.com/590097518/unit-5-ap-final-review-ap-world-history-unit-5- revolutions-flash-cards/ Topic 5.4 Industrialization Spreads in the Period from 1750 to 1900 Learning Objective Explain how different modes and locations of production have developed and changed over time. Historical Developments The rapid development of steam- powered industrial production in European countries and the U.S. contributed to the increase in these regions’ share of global manufacturing during the first Industrial Revolution. While Middle Eastern and Asian countries continued to produce manufactured goods, these regions’ share in global manufacturing declined. Decline of Middle Eastern and Asian share in global manufacturing: ● Shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia ● Iron works in India ● Textile production in India and Egypt As new methods of industrial production became more common in parts of northwestern Europe, they spread to other parts of Europe and the United States, Russia, and Japan. 25.Which areas in and outside of Europe adopted industrial production? Country that adopted the industrial production outside of Europe were Japan. Country that adopted the industrial production inside of Europe are Germany, France, Russia, and Great Britain. Citation: https://quizlet.com/590097518/unit-5-ap-final-review-ap-world-history-unit-5- revolutions-flash-cards/ 26.How did the increase in industrial production in Europe lead to a decline of manufacturing in other regions? In order to built factories and make products you need natural resources, which other countries had, but they did not have a mass amount of it. Great Britain has so much natural resources that they are the first ones to industrialize and produce a variety of goods. Citation: https://quizlet.com/590097518/unit-5-ap-final-review-ap-world-history-unit-5- revolutions-flash-cards/
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