OPS102 - Week 5 - Adi - ProcessManagement.docx

OPS102 – Week 5 – Process Management - Sample Lab Student Name: Aditya Mahesh Tambe Student ID: 171969223 Introduction Both Linux and Windows, as powerful operating systems, provides robust process management capabilities. Understanding how to manage processes is crucial for effectively utilizing the operating system. A process refers to an executing program or task, whether it is a system service, a user application, or a background utility. Here are some fundamental concepts related to process management:  Processes and Process IDs (PIDs): Every process in Linux or Windows is assigned a unique identifier called a Process ID (PID). PIDs enable the system to track and manage processes effectively. You can view the PIDs of running processes using various commands and utilities.  Process States : Processes can be in different states, such as running, sleeping, stopped, or terminated. Understanding these states helps in monitoring and controlling processes effectively. Commands like ps and top provide insights into process states.  Process Ownership : Each process is associated with an owner, typically the user who initiated or owns the process. Process ownership is essential for managing permissions and access control.  Process Hierarchy : processes follow a hierarchical structure. A process can create child processes, and those child processes can, in turn, spawn their own subprocesses. This hierarchical arrangement helps organize and manage related processes.  Process Control : Linux provides various commands and tools to control processes. You can start, stop, pause, resume, or terminate processes using commands like kill, killall, pkill, and signals such as SIGSTOP and SIGCONT. Windows offers multiple methods to control processes. The Task Manager, a built-in Windows utility, allows you to view and manage running processes. It enables you to end processes, change process priorities, and analyze resource usage.

 F oreground and Background Processes : Both Linux and windows allow executing processes either in the foreground or background. Foreground processes run directly in the terminal, while background processes operate independently, freeing up the terminal for other tasks. You can switch between foreground and background using commands like &, fg, and bg commands in Linux. In windows, Task Manager and PowerShell provide options to manage processes in both modes.  Process Monitoring and Resource Usage : Monitoring the performance and resource usage of processes is essential for system administrators. In Linux, tools like top, htop, and ps provide real-time information on CPU usage, memory consumption, and other vital statistics. In Windows, Task Manager provides real-time information on CPU usage, memory consumption, disk activity, and network utilization. Performance Monitor (PerfMon) is a powerful tool for in-depth process monitoring. Activity 1: Monitoring Linux Processes with ps command Perform the following steps: 1. Make certain that you are logged into your Matrix account 2. Issue a Linux command to confirm that you are located in your home directory. 3. The ps _ command provides a list of processes that are running, or at least that were running at the time the command was called. Run the command ps in your terminal

What output you see, take a screenshot and paste below. Ans. With the ps command, I am able to see the total files and directories in my matrix account. 4. How many processes are currently running? What information is displayed for each process? Answer below. Ans. There are 0 process running in the matrix account because as a student login in we don’t have access, to see the foreground as well as background. 5. Use the ps command with the ‘-e’ option to display information about all processes in the system. Run the command ps -e

6. Analyze the output and identify the running processes on your system. Note the PID, TTY, and CMD columns. What do these column mean? PID stands for unique process ID

TTY stands for terminal type that the user is logged into. CMD stands for the name of the command that has been started or launched the process. 7. Use the 'ps' command with the '-f' option to display a full-format listing of the processes. Run the command ps -f 8. Examine the output, which provides detailed information about each process, including UID, PID, PPID, CPU%, MEM%, START, and CMD UID stands for the user who created or initiated the process and it identifies the owner of the process and helps in accessing the control and security for it. PID stands for unique numerical identifier assigned to each process, and allows us to interact with specific processes. PPID stands for parent process ID which indicates the PID of the parent process that spawned the current or working process, It demonstrates the process hierarchy. CPU% stands for the CPU usage and shows the percentage of CPU resources that process is currently using or utilizing. It helps in monitoring the usage of resource. 9. Use the 'ps' command with the '-l' option to display a long listing format of processes. Execute the following command: ps -l

10. Analyze the output and observe the columns displayed, including F, S, UID, PID, PPID, PRI, NI, ADDR, SZ, RSS, WCHAN, STAT, TTY, TIME, and CMD. F stands for flags and indicates different process status flags, whether the process is in foreground or in background. S stands for state which show the current state for the process is it running, stopped. UID stands for the user who created or initiated the process and it identifies the owner of the process and helps in accessing the control and security for it. PID stands for unique numerical identifier assigned to each process, and allows us to interact with specific processes. PPID stands for parent process ID which indicates the PID of the parent process that spawned the current or working process, It demonstrates the process hierarchy. PRI stands for the priority and prioritize the process according to its importance. NI stand Nice value which helps the CPU to prioritize the CPU queue. ADDR stands for the memory address and showing its location in the memory

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help