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Information Systems

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Jan 9, 2024

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Prof. Eshra MIS—MAN421 Type your answers in the space provided and upload as attachment by due date No e-mail submissions/hard copies will be accepted Name: ________ ____________ Ch. 5 & 6—Homework Part I: Define the following terms. Application software – A computer program designed to carry out as specific task. Operating system (OS) - The software that controls computer activities. Binary system - A system in which information can be expressed by combinations of the digits 0 and 1. CPU – Central processing unit is the component of a computer system that controls the interpretation and execution of instructions. Dual processor - A computer that contains two CPUs. Horizontal-market application - type of application software that is useful in a wide range of industries. Vertical-market application - A piece of software designed to fit the needs of a specific market, industry, or company. Virus - A computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user. Access - The privilege or assigned permission to use computer data or resources in some manner. Database - Collection of related files containing records on people, places, or things. Field - store data representing an attribute. File – A container in a computer system for storing information. Table - A data structure used to organize information. Primary key - One field in each table, cannot be duplicated, provides unique identifier for all information in any row. Page 1 of 3

Prof. Eshra MIS—MAN421 Type your answers in the space provided and upload as attachment by due date No e-mail submissions/hard copies will be accepted Part II: Case Study Analysis: Read case study “How Reliable Is Big Data?” at the end of Chapter 6 and answer the questions that follow. 6-13. What business benefits did the organizations described in this case achieve by analyzing and using big data? - By analyzing and using big data, the healthcare companies were able to save millions of dollars, and NYC was able to put in more effective efforts to lower the crime rate. 6-14. Identify two decisions at the organizations described in this case that were improved by using big data and two decisions that big data did not improve. – Two decisions that organizations made using big data that improved their company are: Healthcare companies’ use of big data to determine the most effective and economical ways to treat illnesses, which led them to save about 581 million pounds, and NYC’s use of CompStat to lower the crime rate. Two decisions that organizations made using big data that did not improve their company are: LEGO’s decision to change their blocks based on false data, which caused them to continue to decline, and NYPD’s Patternizr tool that was supposed to help identify criminals but was not always accurate and could lead to the incarceration of innocent people. 6-15 . Describe the limitations to using big data. – The limitations to using big data is that someone must analyze the data that is collected. If you don’t know what you’re looking for or what you’re looking at, then your data project may be a waste of time. Also, the data analysis may not always be accurate, like in the LEGO case. 6-16. Should all organizations try to collect and analyze big data? Why or why not? What people, organization, and technology issues should be addressed before a company decides to work with big data? – I think that all organizations should try to collect and analyze big data because if it is done so correctly, it can immensely help that organization to operate in the most efficient way possible. Issues that should be addressed before a company decides to use big data are: Ethical issues - companies should ensure that their algorithm is not discriminating against certain groups of people. Privacy – companies should not be over invading people’s privacy. Technology – companies should ensure that they understand the data that is collected, not everything collected will be useful or beneficial if it is not understood. Page 2 of 3

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