FMST 210 - Class 11 notes pdf

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School

University of British Columbia *

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Course

210

Subject

Linguistics

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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3

Uploaded by Emifortin901

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Class 11 Language Development Five Basic Components That Underlie All Languages 1. Phonology: Knowledge of sounds used in a given language When we learn all of these sounds, its the ability to to detect and discriminate between the sounds in order to re-produce these speech sounds 2. Morphology: Understanding the ways that sounds can be combined to form words Even infants learn that sounds can be combined in meaningful ways, while they may not be saying specific words, they are still morphing sounds that have meaning to them 3. Semantics: The meaning or content of words or sentences When growing vocabulary, this signals an increase in their semantic knowledge 3. Syntax: Knowledge of the structure of sentences Rules by which words are to be combined to form sentences 4. Pragmatics: Understanding how to use language to communicate effectively Understanding how to use language to communicate effectively Such as speaking differently to a child in comparison to an adult Using emojis to not come across as passive-aggressive Prelinguistic Communication <aside> ࠽? Phonological development may begin before birth (as infants can hear their mother's voice when in vitro) </aside> Cooing: Making deliberate vowel sounds (Phonology) Begins at 2 - 3 months Babbling: Repeating strings of consonants and vowels (Morphology) Begins around 6 months babbling is universal but becomes similar to the native language over time Socially interactive process Babbling Babies Prelinguistic Communication Semantic Growth and Syntax Holophrases: Babbling stops and one-word expressions to express their complete thoughts (begins around one year old)
Receptive vs. Productive Language Fast Mapping: Part of the receptive nature of language before, the process of quickly acquiring and retaining a word after only hearing it applied a few times Telegraphic Speech: Toddler speech is like a telegram, a child’s speech only includes a few essential words Begins about 21 months Importance of Interactive/Interpersonal Context Early Childhood Language Advances Vocabulary: They learn a new word every 1–2 hours Interactive contexts are still very important Syntax: Gets more sophisticated as they learn to combine words into sentences in sophisticated ways Private Speech: Essentially self-talk with no apparent intent to communicate with others Four to ten-year-old children, 20 and 50 percent of all of their talking is what we wall private speech Self-regulation: The ability to control one’s impulses and appropriately direct one’s behavior Hockey Boy Private Speech Ex School-age Children and Adolescents Vocabulary expands and they have a greater understanding of the meanings of words Contextual Influences on Language Development: Culture Infant-Directed Speech (“Parentese”): Type of speech that uses repetition, short words and sentences, high and varied pitch, and long pauses, all parents talk to infants this way Preferred by infants We see Cross-cultural patterns in parents across all cultures Contextual Influences on Language Development: Poverty Less-developed language skills Less exposure to speech Lower-quality parent-child interactions Increased household instability and disorder Contextual Influences on Language Development: Bilingualism Simultaneous Bilingualism: The exposure to two languages from birth The infant and toddler are building two, or three distinct language systems Bilingualism is associated with many positive cognitive skills Immersion: Foreign-language-speaking children are placed into English-speaking classes
Dual Language Learning (Two-Way Immersion): English-speaking and non-English- speaking students learn together in both languages and both languages are valued equally
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