Mod 1 Conferences

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Utah Valley University *

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3400

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Management

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Quickly after the Wright brothers demonstrated the human ability to fly, advancements and growth in the aviation world provided the need for governing agencies. First, within each individual country, rules were established to govern the basic functions of flying. As aviation technology, range, capability, and use advanced through two world wars, it became clear that a global set of rules was needed. Amongst our worldly neighbors, it was necessary to determine what was acceptable, or not, providing protection, definition, and understanding for travel. International gatherings known as the Paris Convention of 1919, the Havana Convention of 1928, the Warsaw Convention of 1929, and the 1944 Chicago Conference were held to help establish such parameters as the aviation world grew. The Paris Convention of 1919 helped form the International Commission for Air Navigation directed in part by the newly established League of Nations. It brought definition to the obvious uncertainties concerning its participants at that time. Who is allowed to fly where and when and why? Does each country have authority of the air directly above their soil, or is all the air above the world fair game to whoever wants to use it? The convention sought to establish that, “Each nation has absolute sovereignty over the airspace overlying its territories and waters” ( Pelsser, 2023). In addition to addressing this monumental issue, three other principles provided the direction of the convention. It was further decided that each nation should establish their own agencies to govern aviation within their own jurisdictions, all aircraft are to be treated equally in the eyes of each nations law, and aircraft must be registered to a state. The convention essentially set up the first foundation for international aviation law within the 43 articles that were signed by 27 or the 38 attending states on October 13 th , 1919. Modeled after the Paris Convention, the Havana Convention that took place in 1928 was put together to assist the growth of commercial aviation within the Pan-American Union. Excluding government or military aircraft, the convention further established basic principles and rules for air traffic and basic flight paths. This convention also helped establish the American owned airline’s ability to move about freely within the north and southern America’s while adhering to rules set by the individual sovereignties it operated within. While the U.S. became a participant five years after its occurrence, the Warsaw Convention of 1929 was the first establishment of standardization amongst those nations included in it. This unification focuses mostly on liability or responsibility concerning damages from lost baggage to accidents and fatalities. Once again, this convention concerned civil, or commercial, aircraft and their airlines. It is the first treaty to address liability and rights for passengers on international carriage. The largest conference in the early days of standardization amongst multiple nations was the Chicago Conference in 1944. The US sent invites around the world for nations to attend a ratification of international civil air standardization, fifty-two of which responded and attended. At this conference, the International Civil Aviation Organization was established and later adopted as a special agency under the United Nations. The conference established rules on everything from logbooks, aircraft documentation to be carried, navigational aid and ground marking, to customs at domiciles serving international flights. The creation of ICAO aided in future decision making made necessary by further development and growth in the industry. During the era’s when most of these conventions were held, wars and the aircraft built for them took over the skies. This did not mean that world trade stopped, and goods were no longer

needed to be moved from one area of the globe to another. Aviation slowly showed its use in global trade and transportation for people and goods from one place to another. The conventions held set out to mitigate risks associated with flying between different nations by establishing rules for civil aircraft. This allowed the continuation of transport for people and goods, by allowing nations to collaborate on a unified set of rules that slowly developed with each convention or conference. With well stated and defined sets of rules to govern each nation, eventually united under the ICAO, the world has benefitted gratuitously from our ability to trade and transport safely to welcoming arms amongst our participating members. References DeRemer, D., & Ullrich, G. M. (2019). Global navigation for pilots international flight techniques and procedures . Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. ICAO. (n.d.). The History of ICAO and the Chicago Convention. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from https://www.icao.int/about-icao/history/pages/default.aspx Pelsser, A. (2023, December 15). The 1919 Paris Convention . The postal history of ICAO. https://applications.icao.int/postalhistory/Introduction.htm

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