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Week 4 Discussion Post
Steman-Smith, et al (2015) states the purpose of the research paper,
Hand hygiene performance and beliefs among public university employees, "
was to determine whether a modified model of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) generates understanding about hand hygiene beliefs and to inform the development of interventions among employees in similar public work settings." The author confirmed that "the findings support multi-modal hand hygiene improvement interventions". The theory behind this article is that if more employees, people, and patients wash their hands this could "reduce infectious diseases including influenza, the common cold, and GI infections."
This study's aim was to provide an understanding whether hand hygiene practices and beliefs (i.e., behavioral, normative, control, protective) predicted hand washing practices, as well as risks associated with these practices.
A sample population of 1600 (25%) of employees were randomly selected to complete a voluntary and anonymous survey. It was hypothesized that this study would predict self-reported hand hygiene behaviors along with self-reported symptoms of the cold/flu illness or GI infections during the first thirty days. The researchers concluded that an individual's handwashing beliefs predicts handwashing practices in all groups
(i.e. normative, control, behavioral, protective). For instance, individuals were more likely to wash their hands if their employer expects them to do so
(i.e. normative). People were less likely to engage in handwashing practices (i.e. protective) after sharing pens, touching public surfaces, and using a keyboard. The study also concluded that people reported that hand sanitizer
was more convenient to use. The study contributes to research as it identified reasoning behind handwashing practices and identified who needs to be targeted. This aids in the process of developing intervention procedures in the workplace, institutions, and universities, therefore, making
this study grounded. As described by Babbie (2017), grounded theory (GT) refers to a systematic research framework that involves the construction of hypothesis and theories through the collection and analysis of data. GT has been shown to help researchers understand complex social processes by collecting data from multiple sources using multiple techniques in order to analyze it from multiple perspectives.
"The research purpose was twofold: (1) to utilize a larger, random sample of workers in a public university setting to determine whether a modified model
of TPB generates understanding about hand hygiene beliefs and practices, as
well as predict self-reported hand hygiene behavior, self-reported infectious disease and related absenteeism and (2) to inform the development of interventions among employees in similar public work settings" (Stedman-
Smith, et al).
There are numerous relevant studies done involving the importance of hand washing practices, for instance, "hands contaminated with pathogens" can
expose humans to respiratory, GI, and skin infections (Bloomfield, et al). Also, previous literature to declare the importance of beliefs on behavior, "beliefs influence intention and behavior" (Clayton & Griffith, 2008).
However, the recent literature is over five years old.
This is the first study that aims to explore the impact of beliefs and handwashing behavior and analyzed risk groups associated with the practices proving that it is an original study.
The research utilized in this article contained a mixed approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The university administered a random
sample of employees utilizing the data at a quantitative level, the theory applied involves the planned behavior in predicting hand hygiene practices and beliefs using structural equation modeling operating the qualitative method (Stedman-Smith, et al).
References
Stedman-Smith, M., DuBois, L., Grey, S., (2013). Hand hygiene performance and beliefs among public university employees.
Journal of Health
Psychology.
20(10).
Babbie, E., (2017). The Basics of Social Research (7th ed). Cengage Learning.
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